AÑO:2024
Molecular phylogenetics uncovers two new species in the genus Phyllobates (Anura, Dendrobatidae): the terrible frog gets two new sisters
DOI:10.3897/zookeys.1212.126733
Amézquita, Adolfo (Laboratory of Biodiversity and Cloud Forests Conservation, Bioconservancy, Jardín, Colombia, Laboratory of Biodiversity and Cloud Forests Conservation, Jardín, Colombia); Vargas-Salinas, Fernando (University of Quindío); Ramos, Iván (Laboratory of Biodiversity and Cloud Forests Conservation, Bioconservancy, Jardín, Colombia, Laboratory of Biodiversity and Cloud Forests Conservation, Jardín, Colombia); Palacios-Rodríguez, Pablo (Pontificia Universidad Javeriana); Salazar, Erika Nathalia (Alexander von Humboldt Biological Resources Research Institute); Quiroz, Michelle (Autonomous University of Chiriqui); Bolívar, Wilmar (University of Valle); Galindo-Uribe, Diana M. (Pontificia Universidad Javeriana); Mazariegos-H, Luis A. (Laboratory of Biodiversity and Cloud Forests Conservation, Bioconservancy, Jardín, Colombia, Laboratory of Biodiversity and Cloud Forests Conservation, Jardín, Colombia)
Abstract:

True poison-dart frogs (Phyllobates, Dendrobatidae) evolved the ability to secrete batrachotoxins, the most powerful alkaloids known to date. The genus comprises five species whose systematics, at first glance, appeared clear. The most derived clade would include two Colombian species (P.terribilis and P.bicolor) with the highest toxicity, the largest body size, and predominantly yellow body colouration. The other three species (P.aurotaenia, P.vittatus, and P.lugubris) are less toxic on average, have smaller size, and are predominantly black with bright dorsolateral stripes. Recent research has revealed the existence of two major lineages among the three Colombian species. The northern lineage appears to result from a complex evolutionary history, including perhaps introgression among yellow and black taxa. The southern lineage instead revealed the existence of new clades closely related to P.terribilis, black and yellow, that arguably deserve their recognition as new species. Here, available evidence is combined to support the erection of southern populations of P.aurotaenia as a new highly toxic species, sister to P.terribilis, and much closer to it than to any other yellow or black-bodied species, Phyllobatessamperi sp. nov. Their common ancestor is sister to an additional yellow species, which we also describe here as Phyllobatesbezosi sp. nov. Both new species can be externally diagnosed using colouration. Our previous and current analyses also suggest the existence of additional taxa and corroborate multiple transitions in colouration across these hypertoxic taxa.

Citas:0

AÑO:2024
Structural neuroimaging changes associated with subjective cognitive decline from a clinical sample
DOI:10.1016/j.nicl.2024.103615
Riverol, Mario (Clínica Universidad de Navarra; Navarre Institute of Health Research); Ríos-Rivera, Mirla M. (Clínica Universidad de Navarra; Autonomous University of Chiriqui); Imaz-Aguayo, Laura (Clínica Universidad de Navarra); Solis-Barquero, Sergio M. (Clínica Universidad de Navarra); Arrondo, Carlota (Clínica Universidad de Navarra); Montoya-Murillo, Genoveva (Clínica Universidad de Navarra); Villino-Rodríguez, Rafael (Clínica Universidad de Navarra); García-Eulate, Reyes (Clínica Universidad de Navarra); Domínguez, Pablo (Clínica Universidad de Navarra; Navarre Institute of Health Research); Fernández-Seara, Maria A. (Clínica Universidad de Navarra; Navarre Institute of Health Research)
Abstract:

BACKGROUND: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by progressive deterioration of cognitive functions. Some individuals with subjective cognitive decline (SCD) are in the early phase of the disease and subsequently progress through the AD continuum. Although neuroimaging biomarkers could be used for the accurate and early diagnosis of preclinical AD, the findings in SCD samples have been heterogeneous. This study established the morphological differences in brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings between individuals with SCD and those without cognitive impairment based on a clinical sample of patients defined according to SCD-Initiative recommendations. Moreover, we investigated baseline structural changes in the brains of participants who remained stable or progressed to mild cognitive impairment or dementia. METHODS: This study included 309 participants with SCD and 43 healthy controls (HCs) with high-quality brain MRI at baseline. Among the 99 subjects in the SCD group who were followed clinically, 32 progressed (SCDp) and 67 remained stable (SCDnp). A voxel-wise statistical comparison of gray and white matter (WM) volume was performed between the HC and SCD groups and between the HC, SCDp, and SCDnp groups. XTRACT ATLAS was used to define the anatomical location of WM tract damage. Region-of-interest (ROI) analyses were performed to determine brain volumetric differences. White matter lesion (WML) burden was established in each group. RESULTS: Voxel-based morphometry (VBM) analysis revealed that the SCD group exhibited gray matter atrophy in the middle frontal gyri, superior orbital gyri, superior frontal gyri, right rectal gyrus, whole occipital lobule, and both thalami and precunei. Meanwhile, ROI analysis revealed decreased volume in the left rectal gyrus, bilateral medial orbital gyri, middle frontal gyri, superior frontal gyri, calcarine fissure, and left thalamus. The SCDp group exhibited greater hippocampal atrophy (p < 0.001) than the SCDnp and HC groups on ROI analyses. On VBM analysis, however, the SCDp group exhibited increased hippocampal atrophy only when compared to the SCDnp group (p < 0.001). The SCD group demonstrated lower WM volume in the uncinate fasciculus, cingulum, inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus, anterior thalamic radiation, and callosum forceps than the HC group. However, no significant differences in WML number (p = 0.345) or volume (p = 0.156) were observed between the SCD and HC groups. CONCLUSIONS: The SCD group showed brain atrophy mainly in the frontal and occipital lobes. However, only the SCDp group demonstrated atrophy in the medial temporal lobe at baseline. Structural damage in the brain regions was anatomically connected, which may contribute to early memory decline.

Citas:3

AÑO:2024
Topological phase transitions via attosecond x-ray absorption spectroscopy
DOI:10.1088/1361-6633/ad889f
Mosquera, Juan F P (Autonomous University of Madrid); Cistaro, Giovanni (Autonomous University of Madrid); Malakhov, Mikhail (Autonomous University of Madrid; M.N. Mikheev Institute of Metal Physics); Pisanty, Emilio (Institute of Photonic Sciences; King's College London); Dauphin, Alexandre (Institute of Photonic Sciences); Plaja, Luis (University of Salamanca); Chacón, Alexis (Universidad de Panamá; City of Knowledge; Autonomous University of Chiriqui); Lewenstein, Maciej (Institute of Photonic Sciences; Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats); Picón, Antonio (Autonomous University of Madrid; Autonomous University of Madrid)
Abstract:

We present a numerical experiment that demonstrates the possibility to capture topological phase transitions via an x-ray absorption spectroscopy scheme. We consider a Chern insulator whose topological phase is tuned via a second-order hopping. We perform time-dynamics simulations of the out-of-equilibrium laser-driven electron motion that enables us to model a realistic attosecond spectroscopy scheme. In particular, we use an ultrafast scheme with a circularly polarized IR pump pulse and an attosecond x-ray probe pulse. A laser-induced dichroism-type spectrum shows a clear signature of the topological phase transition. We are able to connect these signatures with the Berry structure of the system. This work extend the applications of attosecond absorption spectroscopy to systems presenting a non-trivial topological phase.

Citas:0

AÑO:2024
An Optimal Culture Medium for Laccase Production and Sugar Cane Vinasse Biotreatment with Trametes villosa Using Plackett-Burman and Central Composite Designs
DOI:10.35762/aer.2024001
Caballero, Rosa Elena (Autonomous University of Chiriqui); Jiménez, Víctor (Autonomous University of Chiriqui); Miranda, Mónica (Autonomous University of Chiriqui); Rovira, Dalys (Autonomous University of Chiriqui); Branda, Guillermo (Autonomous University of Chiriqui); de Pérez, Juana Ramos Chue (Universidad Tecnológica de Panamá)
Abstract:

The optimal conditions for laccase production and vinasse biotreatment with a native strain of Trametes villosa were determined by a screening-optimization approach. Eleven factors including nutrient concentration, vinasse dilution (%v/v), inoculum volume, carbon to nitrogen ratio and initial pH, were investigated for their effects on laccase activity applying the Plackett-Burman screening design. The selected factors were optimized using a central composite design, and then evaluated on a vinasse biotreatment experiment. The factors that contributed the most to the enzymatic activity were the concentrations of MgSO4·7H2O (A), FeSO4·7H2O (B) and CuSO4·5H2O (C), alongside initial pH. After 10 days, laccase activity was 544.038 U L-1 for the following concentrations of A, B and C: 0.250 g L-1, 0.020 mg L-1, and 0.100 g L-1, respectively. Vinasse biotreatment under optimized conditions resulted in 82.74%, 78% and 75.97% of phenol, color, and COD removal respectively, while final pH value was 6.90. These results showed that the native strain of T. villosa has a good potential for further research on laccase production and vinasse sustainable management.

Citas:1

AÑO:2024
Enhancing Scientific Research and Paper Writing Processes by Integrating Artificial Intelligence Tools
DOI:10.1007/978-3-031-62110-9_7
Jadán-Guerrero, Janio (Universidad Tecnológica Indoamérica); Acosta-Vargas, Patricia (Universidad de Las Américas); Gutiérrez-De Gracia, Nivia Esther (Autonomous University of Chiriqui)
Abstract:

This article provides a systematic guide for integrating Artificial Intelligence (AI) into many facets of scientific writing process. By analyzing various AI platforms that facilitate efficient topic identification, the formulation of investigative questions, the analysis of previous literature, data processing, structuring and presentation of manuscripts, the successful case of a training program implemented at a university in Ecuador. This initiative involved 84 academics, of which 66 managed to complete their scientific articles, with 35 of these works accepted at a recognized scientific conference. This case highlights the relevance of a deep understanding of the potential of AI to complement and enhance human research and writing capabilities. It seeks to provide an integrative approach to scientific research that optimizes the benefits of this emerging technology. This research emphasizes the need to promote writing where ethics and originality standards are the priority, thus ensuring the integrity and authenticity of the knowledge created in the scientific community.

Citas:0

AÑO:2024
New national and regional bryophyte records, 79
DOI:10.1080/03736687.2025.2454811
Ellis, L. T. (Natural History Museum); Alatas, M. (Munzur University); Ali, Sk. N. (Botanical Survey of India); Alvarez, D. J. (Unidad Ejecutora Lillo); Rojas, A. M. Aponte (Jardín Botánico de Bogotá José Celestino Mutis); Atwood, J. J. (Missouri Botanical Garden); Batan, N. (Karadeniz Technical University); Bednarek-Ochyra, H. (Wladyslaw Szafer Institute of Botany); Cano, M. J. (University of Murcia); Cimerman, Ž. L. (University of Ljubljana); Colotti, T. (National University of Tucumán); Costa, M. J. F. (State University of Feira de Santana); Enkhjargal, E. (Institute of General and Experimental Biology); Erata, H. (Gümüshane University); Erzberger, P. (Berlin, Germany); Espinoza-Prieto, B. (Museo de Historia Natural); Evangelista-dos-Santos, M. (State University of Feira de Santana); Ezer, T. (Nigde Ömer Halisdemir University); Fatková, L. (Charles University); Fedosov, V. E. (Lomonosov Moscow State University); Gabriel, R. (University of the Azores); Gil, L. (University of the Balearic Islands); Goffinet, B. (University of Connecticut); Graulich, A. (Donceel, Belgium); Hsu, Yu-Chwen (National Taiwan Museum, No. 2, Xiangyang Road, Zhongzheng District, Taipei City, Taiwan, 100007, R.O.C.); Kiebacher, T. (Stuttgart State Museum of Natural History, Rosenstein 1, 70191, Stuttgart, Germany); Kocjan, J. M. (Društvo za raziskovanje mokrišc Slovenije (DRMS), Celovška cesta 30, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia); Krajšek, S. S. (University of Ljubljana); Kubešová, S. (Moravian Museum); Kucera, J. (University of South Bohemia in Ceské Budejovice); Larraín, J. (Universidad Bernardo O'Higgins); Lavocat-Bernard, E. (Moreau, 97128 Goyave, Guadeloupe, F.W.I.); Mamontov, Y. (Tsytsin Main Moscow Botanical Garden of Academy of Sciences); Mir-Rosselló, P. M. (University of the Balearic Islands); Morales, C. P. (University of Magdalena); Natcheva, R. (Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research); Negritto, M. A. (University of Magdalena); Ospino-C, Juan D. (University of Magdalena); Paul, M. (Botanical Survey of India); Papp, B. (Hungarian Natural History Museum); Pócs, T. (Institute of Biology, Eszterházy Károly Catholic University, Eger, Pf. 43, H-3301, Hungary); Rodríguez-Quiel, E. (Autonomous University of Chiriqui); Rogošic, M. (Grenoble Alpes University; Grenoble Alpes University, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, Grenoble, France and Oikon d.o.o. and Institute of Applied Ecology, Zagreb, Croatia); Ramírez-Roncallo, K. (University of Magdalena); Roque, A. A. (Herbario Parque das Dunas, Parque Estudual Dunas do Natal, Bairro: Tirol Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil); Sabovljevic, A. D. (University of Belgrade); Sabovljevic, M. S. (University of Belgrade); Schäfer-Verwimp, A. (Mittlere Letten 11, D-88634 Herdwangen-Schönach, Germany); Šegota, V. (University of Zagreb); Sérgio, C. (CE3C – Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes / Natural History & Systematics (NHS) and CHANGE – Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Lisbon, Portugal); Sette-de-Souza, P. H. (State University of Feira de Santana); Singh, D. (Botanical Survey of India); Širka, P. (Technical University of Zvolen); Sotiaux, A. (Jardin Botanique de Belique, Meise, Belgium); Suárez, G. M. (Unidad Ejecutora Lillo; National University of Tucumán); Tubanova, D. Ya. (Institute of General and Experimental Biology); Yao, Kuei-Yu (Taiwan Biodiversity Research Institute, 1, Ming-Shen East Road, Jiji Township, Nantou 55244, Taiwan, R.O.C.); Winter, G. (Senckenberg Society for Nature Research)
Abstract:

nan

Citas:1

AÑO:2024
CULTURA DIGITAL Y TECNODOCENCIA: LA EDUCACIÓN DESDE LA CORPOREIDAD TECNOLÓGICA
DOI:10.18554/rt.v16i3.6745
Corrêa, Thiago Henrique Barnabé (Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro); de Lima, Luciana (Universidade Federal do Ceará); Patiño, Erick Omar Miranda (Autonomous University of Chiriqui); Loureiro, Robson Carlos (Universidade Federal do Ceará); Merchan, Nidia Yaneth Torres (Pedagogical and Technological University of Colombia); Fiuza, Ana Cristina Borges (Instituto Federal do Triângulo Mineiro)
Abstract:

The context of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic required the world to reinvent itself, and with regard to schools, especially in the figure of the teacher, to reframe their actions, developing, in the same sense attributed by Michel de Certeau, tactics and strategies for survival in the face of the new everyday dynamics of virtuality. In this article, we sought to promote a reflection on technologies in education, in order to bring, in the light of different theorists, the metaphorical concepts of technology in the teaching and learning process, and in the man-machine relationship. In addition, the meaning attributed to technology in teaching was explained, with a critical eye, based on a broader view of its pedagogical possibilities.

Citas:0

AÑO:2024
El Lenguaje Constructivo en la Arquitectura: Más verbo menos sustantivo
DOI:10.5377/arquitectura.v9i17.17894
Báez-Álvarez, Fabian Enrique (La Gran Colombia University); del Carmen González-Rivera, Katherine (Autonomous University of Chiriqui); Ángel-Rubiano, Danna Catalina (La Gran Colombia University); Almario-Castillo, José Agustín (Autonomous University of Chiriqui)
Abstract:

Constructive language in architecture: More verb less noun; It seeks not only to present architecture through the building technique, but also to show that its process over time has been arduous, complex and initially of pure “trial and error”; until construction became a science. Science with which we have become familiar at the time of becoming architects, since anyone who considers himself worthy of this profession must recognize that design is subject to construction, its trends, its limitations and its future. On the other hand, we also recognize that there are architectural professionals who do not see the need for construction as part of their professional development. For them, this article presents in a very simple way how the History of Construction collaborates with the theory through praxis giving another concept to the architect's work, it also appropriates lexical elements, becoming a valuable pedagogical tool that is easy to consult in the area of construction for teachers and students; It is clarified that, due to the degree of complexity, elements were taken from the Colombian Standard for Earthquake-Resistant Construction – NSR-10, (without disregarding the Panamanian standard taking into account the authors), it is highlighted that the tables presented can be adapted to the requirements of any Latin American country. We want to exalt the words of Quintiliano “The architect extends himself to everything that enters the composition of a building.”

Citas:0

AÑO:2024
Systematic revision of the Eyelash Palm-Pitviper Bothriechis schlegelii (Serpentes, Viperidae), with the description of five new species and revalidation of three
DOI:10.3897/evolsyst.8.114527
Arteaga, Alejandro (Khamai Foundation, Quito, Ecuador; Tropical Herping S.A., Quito, Ecuador); Pyron, R. Alexander (George Washington University; National Museum of Natural History); Batista, Abel (Autonomous University of Chiriqui; Fundación Los Naturalistas, Boquete, Chiriquí, Panama; Secretaría Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación); Vieira, Jose (Tropical Herping S.A., Quito, Ecuador; ExSitu, Quito, Ecuador); Pelayo, Elson Meneses (Industrial University of Santander); Smith, Eric N. (Industrial University of Santander); Amorós, César L. Barrio (The University of Texas at Arlington); Koch, Claudia (CRWild, Bahía Ballena, Uvita, Costa Rica); Agne, Stefanie (Leibniz Institute for the Analysis of Biodiversity Change); Valencia, Jorge H. (University of Potsdam; Instituto de Ecología); Bustamante, Lucas (Tropical Herping S.A., Quito, Ecuador; Universidad Regional Amazónica IKIAM); Harris, Kyle J. (Savia Fund, Quito, Ecuador)
Abstract:

We present a taxonomic review and systematic revision of the Eyelash Palm-Pitviper Bothriechis schlegelii (Berthold, 1846) based on examination of 400 museum specimens, a phylogeographic analysis of 818 locality records, and 80 individuals sampled for molecular characters. We find morphological and phylogenetic support for five new species of Bothriechis Peters, 1859, which we describe here based on their unique combination of molecular, meristic, hemipenial, and color pattern characteristics. They are: B. klebbaisp. nov., B. rasikusumorumsp. nov., B. khwargisp. nov., B. rahimisp. nov., and B. hussainisp. nov. Finally, we revalidate the names B. nigroadspersus (Steindachner, 1870), B. nitidus (Günther, 1859), and B. torvus (Posada Arango, 1889a), and provide a redescription of B. schlegelii.

Citas:3

AÑO:2024
Phylogenomics, divergence times and notes of orders in Basidiomycota
DOI:10.1007/s13225-024-00535-w
He, Mao-Qiang (Institute of Microbiology); Cao, Bin (Institute of Microbiology); Liu, Fei (Institute of Microbiology); Boekhout, Teun (The Yeasts Foundation, Amsterdam, the Netherlands); Denchev, Teodor T. (Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research; IUCN SSC Rusts and Smuts Specialist Group, Sofia, Bulgaria); Schoutteten, Nathan (Ghent University); Denchev, Cvetomir M. (Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research; IUCN SSC Rusts and Smuts Specialist Group, Sofia, Bulgaria); Kemler, Martin (IUCN SSC Rusts and Smuts Specialist Group, Sofia, Bulgaria; Universität Hamburg); Gorjón, Sergio P. (University of Salamanca); Begerow, Dominik (Universität Hamburg); Valenzuela, Ricardo (Instituto Politécnico Nacional); Davoodian, Naveed (Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria, 3004, Melbourne, VIC, Australia); Niskanen, Tuula (Royal Botanic Gardens; Finnish Museum of Natural History); Vizzini, Alfredo (University of Turin; Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection); Redhead, Scott A. (Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada); Ramírez-Cruz, Virginia (University of Guadalajara); Papp, Viktor (Magyar Agrár- és Élettudományi Egyetem); Dudka, Vasiliy A. (Botanical Institute VL Komarova; Yugra State University); Dutta, Arun Kumar (Gauhati University); García-Sandoval, Ricardo (National Autonomous University of Mexico); Liu, Xin-Zhan (Institute of Microbiology); Kijpornyongpan, Teeratas (Purdue University West Lafayette); Savchenko, Anton (University of Tartu); Tedersoo, Leho (University of Tartu; King Saud University); Theelen, Bart (Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute); Trierveiler-Pereira, Larissa (Federal University of São Carlos); Wu, Fang (Institute of Microbiology, School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China); Zamora, Juan Carlos (Conservatoire et Jardin Botaniques de Genève, Chemin de l’Impératrice 1, Chambésy, 1292, Geneva, Switzerland); Zeng, Xiang-Yu (Guizhou University); Zhou, Li-Wei (Institute of Microbiology); Liu, Shi-Liang (Institute of Microbiology); Ghobad-Nejhad, Masoomeh (Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology); Giachini, Admir J. (Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina); Li, Guo-Jie (Hebei Agricultural University); Kakishima, Makoto (University of Tsukuba); Olariaga, Ibai (King Juan Carlos University); Haelewaters, Danny (Ghent University; University of South Bohemia in Ceské Budejovice; Autonomous University of Chiriqui); Sulistyo, Bobby (Ghent University); Sugiyama, Junta (National Museum of Nature and Science; TechnoSuruga Laboratory Co., Ltd., 388-1, 424-0065, Nagasaki, Shizuoka, Japan); Svantesson, Sten (Uppsala University; Rudjer Boskovic Institute); Yurkov, Andrey (Leibniz Institute DSMZ – German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures); Alvarado, Pablo (ALVALAB, Dr. Fernando Bongera st., Severo Ochoa bldg. S1.04, 33006, Oviedo, Spain); Antonín, Vladimír (Moravian Museum); da Silva, André Felipe (Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina); Druzhinina, Irina (Royal Botanic Gardens); Gibertoni, Tatiana B. (Federal University of Pernambuco); Guzmán-Dávalos, Laura (University of Guadalajara); Justo, Alfredo (New Brunswick Museum); Karunarathna, Samantha C. (Qujing Normal University; National Institute of Fundamental Studies); Galappaththi, Mahesh C. A. (Murdoch University); Toome-Heller, Merje (Ministry for Primary Industries); Hosoya, Tsuyoshi (National Museum of Nature and Science); Liimatainen, Kare (Royal Botanic Gardens); Márquez, Rodrigo (King Juan Carlos University); Mešic, Armin (Rudjer Boskovic Institute); Moncalvo, Jean-Marc (University of Toronto); Nagy, László G. (Biological Research Centre); Varga, Torda (Biological Research Centre; Royal Botanic Gardens); Orihara, Takamichi (Kanagawa Prefectural Museum of Natural History); Raymundo, Tania (Instituto Politécnico Nacional); Salcedo, Isabel (University of the Basque Country); Silva-Filho, Alexandre G. S. (Federal Institute of São Paulo); Tkalcec, Zdenko (Rudjer Boskovic Institute); Wartchow, Felipe (Federal University of Paraíba); Zhao, Chang-Lin (Southwest Forestry University); Bau, Tolgor (Jilin Agricultural University); Cabarroi-Hernández, Milay (University of Guadalajara); Cortés-Pérez, Alonso (University of Guadalajara); Decock, Cony (Université Catholique de Louvain); De Lange, Ruben (Ghent University); Weiss, Michael (Organismal Mycology and Microbiology, Steinbeis Innovation Center, Vor dem Kreuzberg 17, 72070, Tübingen, Germany; University of Tübingen); Menolli, Nelson (Federal Institute of São Paulo); Nilsson, R. Henrik (University of Gothenburg); Fan, Yu-Guang (Hainan Medical University); Verbeken, Annemieke (Ghent University); Gafforov, Yusufjon (New Uzbekistan University; Central Asian University, 264 Milliy Bog Street, 111221, Tashkent, Uzbekistan; Academy of Sciences Republic of Uzbekistan); Meiras-Ottoni, Angelina (Federal University of Pernambuco); Mendes-Alvarenga, Renato L. (Federal University of Pernambuco); Zeng, Nian-Kai (Hainan Normal University); Wu, Qi (Institute of Microbiology); Hyde, Kevin D. (Mae Fah Luang University; Kunming Institute of Botany; Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering); Kirk, Paul M. (Royal Botanic Gardens); Zhao, Rui-Lin (Institute of Microbiology; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences)
Abstract:

Basidiomycota is one of the major phyla in the fungal tree of life. The outline of Basidiomycota provides essential taxonomic information for researchers and workers in mycology. In this study, we present a time-framed phylogenomic tree with 487 species of Basidiomycota from 127 families, 47 orders, 14 classes and four subphyla; we update the outline of Basidiomycota based on the phylogenomic relationships and the taxonomic studies since 2019; and we provide notes for each order and discuss the history, defining characteristics, evolution, justification of orders, problems, significance, and plates. Our phylogenomic analysis suggests that the subphyla diverged in a time range of 443–490 Myr (million years), classes in a time range of 312–412 Myr, and orders in a time range of 102–361 Myr. Families diverged in a time range of 50–289 Myr, 76–224 Myr, and 62–156 Myr in Agaricomycotina, Pucciniomycotina, and Ustilaginomycotina, respectively. Based on the phylogenomic relationships and divergence times, we propose a new suborder Mycenineae in Agaricales to accommodate Mycenaceae. In the current outline of Basidiomycota, there are four subphyla, 20 classes, 77 orders, 297 families, and 2134 genera accepted. When building a robust taxonomy of Basidiomycota in the genomic era, the generation of molecular phylogenetic data has become relatively easier. Finding phenotypical characters, especially those that can be applied for identification and classification, however, has become increasingly challenging.

Citas:22

AÑO:2024
Tunable UV ~ IR frequency comb generation via high-order sideband generation
DOI:10.35848/1347-4065/ad68f1
Kim, Jeail (Pohang University of Science and Technology; Korea Foundation for Max Planck POSTECH); Kang, Hwihyeon (Pohang University of Science and Technology; Korea Foundation for Max Planck POSTECH); Elu, Ugaitz (Institute of Photonic Sciences); Kim, Dasol (Pohang University of Science and Technology; Korea Foundation for Max Planck POSTECH); Haberstroh, Florian (Institute of Photonic Sciences); Sidiropoulos, Themistoklis (Institute of Photonic Sciences); Steinle, Tobias (Institute of Photonic Sciences); Baudisch, Matthias (Institute of Photonic Sciences); Ortmann, Lisa (The Ohio State University); Landsman, Alexandra S. (The Ohio State University); Biegert, Jens (Institute of Photonic Sciences; Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats); Chacón, Alexis (Pohang University of Science and Technology; Korea Foundation for Max Planck POSTECH; Autonomous University of Chiriqui; Universidad de Panamá; City of Knowledge); Kim, Dong Eon (Pohang University of Science and Technology; Korea Foundation for Max Planck POSTECH)
Abstract:

We propose the generation of a widely tunable UV-to-IR frequency comb by high-order sideband generation (HSB) spectrum emitted from semiconductors. In our theoretical simulations, we demonstrate the high-order sideband signals of two series (2m Oseed + (2n + 1) ?driver, and (2m + 1) Oseed + 2 n?driver ), where m and n are integers of a seed pulse and a driver laser frequency, respectively. The simulations also reveal the intensity of HSB scale with the driver laser power, both perturbatively and non-perturbatively. We find that the harmonic position and spacing of the high-order sideband emission can be controlled by varying the seed pulse and driver photon energies. In the experiment, we applied a visible ( ?Oseed = 3.1 eV, ~400 nm) seed pulse and mid-infrared (MIR, ??driver = 0.4 eV, 3.1 µm) driver pulses to ZnSe target. Our experimental observations confirmed the UV (4.7 eV, 263 nm and 3.9 eV, 317 nm) HSB generation.

Citas:0

AÑO:2024
Evaluation of Heavy Metal Uptake by Pigeon Pea (Cajanus cajan) Plants
DOI:10.1155/2024/5047702
Monrroy, Mariel (Autonomous University of Chiriqui; Autonomous University of Chiriqui; Secretaría Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación); Solis, Huris (Autonomous University of Chiriqui); Quiel, Deilyn (Autonomous University of Chiriqui); Araúz, Onix (Autonomous University of Chiriqui); García, José Renán (Autonomous University of Chiriqui; Autonomous University of Chiriqui; Secretaría Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación)
Abstract:

Food contamination with heavy metals accumulated in agricultural soils due to extensive fertilizer and pesticide use poses a significant threat to human health. To address this global concern, measures must be taken to evaluate the risk of heavy metal contamination of food and medicinal agricultural plants. Recently, pigeon pea (guandul, Cajanus cajan ), a legume commonly found in Panamá, has been reported to grow in soils contaminated with heavy metals and absorb them. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the capacity of C. cajan plants to absorb and bioaccumulate heavy metals. C. cajan was cultivated in soils contaminated with Cd, Cr, Zn, Cu, and Mn to assess heavy metal bioaccumulation and its impact on these plants. While the initial responses were minimal, prolonged exposure revealed significant impacts, with metals such as Zn, Cr, Cu, and Mn positively influencing chlorophyll production, whereas Cd adversely affected chlorophyll synthesis and plant height and viability. C. cajan exhibited varying efficiencies in soil metal removal, notably in extracting Cr, Zn, and Mn. Translocation and bioaccumulation factors indicated the effective movement of Cu, Zn, and Mn to shoots, while Zn, Cr, and Cd primarily accumulated in the roots. These findings highlight the potential of C. cajan for phytostabilization and phytoextraction in metal-contaminated environments. Our findings suggest that C. cajan is a viable crop for cultivation in moderately metal-contaminated soils. Future research should optimize cultivation practices to maximize phytoremediation potential and deepen the understanding of metal uptake mechanisms in this species, processes that are crucial for sustainable agriculture and environmental management.

Citas:0

AÑO:2024
Identificación de levaduras nativas en café Geisha (Coffea arabica) y su efecto como cultivo iniciador en las características sensoriales y químicas de café lavado
DOI:10.5377/ceiba.v57i1.18140
Avilés, Gisselle Aimeth Castillo (Zamorano Pan-American Agricultural School); Hofmann, Tina Antje (Autonomous University of Chiriqui); Cardona, Jorge (Zamorano Pan-American Agricultural School)
Abstract:

The special quality of Geisha coffee has led to research and improvement of its sensory attributes through fermentation. The aim of this study was to identify native yeasts in Geisha coffee, isolate them, and assess their potential to enhance sensory and chemical quality in assisted fermentation processes. The study was conducted in three phases: identification of yeast species (1); isolation and use in fermentation processes compared to commercial inoculum (2); and evaluation of the chemical composition and antioxidant capacity of the resulting coffee (3). Yeasts were identified through macro and microscopic observations, pH and Brix measurements, and two yeasts were selected for comparison with commercial yeast. Sensory evaluations and chemical analyses were also conducted. Thirteen yeast morphospecies were identified in Geisha coffe belonging to six genera (Pichia, Candida, Sporobolomyces, Hanseniaspora, Saccharomyces, and Rhodotorula), with the genus Pichia sp. being the most abundant. Subsequently, two native yeasts from Geisha coffee (Pichia and Saccharomyces) were selected for cultivation and inoculation in washed Geisha coffee, comparing them with a control inoculum (optimized strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae). Sensory analysis revealed that all samples were considered specialty grade (>90 points), with the highest scores for the control inoculum and native inoculum 1. Some sensory attributes included citrusy and fruity notes. The Candida sp. was observed in the evaluated washed Geisha coffee despite not being inoculated. Finally, no differences were demonstrated in flavonoid content, total polyphenols, and antioxidant activity.

Citas:0

AÑO:2024
Risk Assessment of Nephrotoxic Metals in Soil and Water in Areas with High Prevalence of Chronic Kidney Disease in Panama
DOI:10.3390/geosciences14080221
Valdés-Rodríguez, Benedicto (Costa Rica Institute of Technology; Autonomous University of Chiriqui); Montero-Campos, Virginia (Biotechnology Research Center, School of Biology, Technological Institute of Costa Rica, Cartago P.O. Box 159-7050, Costa Rica;, vmontero@itcr.ac.cr); Siebecker, Matthew G. (Texas Tech University); Zimmerman, Amanda Jo (Texas Tech University); Vega-Araya, Mauricio (National University of Costa Rica); Chacón, Sharon P. Ulate (Texas Tech University); Rovira, Dalys (Autonomous University of Chiriqui)
Abstract:

Mesoamerican nephropathy (MeN) is a non-traditional chronic kidney disease in some areas of Mesoamerica. The health risk from nephrotoxic metals, such as arsenic (As), lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), vanadium (V), cadmium (Cd), rubidium (Rb), chromium (Cr), and nickel (Ni), was assessed in drinking water and soils. These metals, even at low concentrations, have the capacity to induce epigenetic damage and a nephrotoxic effect. The quantification of metals in soils was made through X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF) and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrophotometry (ICP-OES), while the quantification of metals in water was carried out through inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICPMS) and atomic absorption (AA) spectrometry. The levels of As, Hg, Cd, and V in water were within the permissible limits, whereas Pb was found to be double and triple the value recommended by the World Health Organization. The non-carcinogenic risk from As in soil was evaluated using the Hazard Index (HI), and the route of ingestion was found to be the most important route. The results indicate that consuming water or ingesting soil particles with Pb and As poses a health risk to humans. Therefore, these findings identify the presence of toxicants in an exposure scenario and justify further research into these metals in people and the analysis of exposure routes.

Citas:0

AÑO:2023
Harnessing IoT for Agriculture: Evaluating the Performance of a LoRaWAN-Based Monitoring System
DOI:10.1109/latincom59467.2023.10361850
Gonzalez, Carlos (Lab-STICC - IRDL, Southern Brittany University, France; Autonomous University of Chiriqui; Research Institute and Agricultural Research Institute, Panama); Gibeaux, Soizic (Lab-STICC - IRDL, Southern Brittany University, France; Autonomous University of Chiriqui; Research Institute and Agricultural Research Institute, Panama); Espinosa, Asael (Lab-STICC - IRDL, Southern Brittany University, France; Autonomous University of Chiriqui; Research Institute and Agricultural Research Institute, Panama); Pitti, Javier (Lab-STICC - IRDL, Southern Brittany University, France; Autonomous University of Chiriqui; Research Institute and Agricultural Research Institute, Panama)
Abstract:

LoRaWAN (Long Range Wide Area Network) has emerged as a prominent communication protocol for long-range, low-power, and wide-area network applications. It leverages LoRa modulation technology derived from the Chirp Spread Spectrum (CSS) to enable efficient and reliable connectivity for Internet of Things (IoT) devices. With its ability to achieve an extended range and operate with ultralow power consumption, LoRaWan has gained significant attention for various applications including environmental monitoring. This study focused on the design and implementation of a LoRaWAN network for environmental sensing and monitoring. The network architecture incorporates the integration of sensors, utilization of LoRa gateways, and deployment of LoRaWAN infrastructure. The primary objectives of this study were to evaluate the LoRa signal strength and coverage, collect environmental data using LoRaWAN-connected sensors, and analyze the gathered data to derive meaningful insights for environmental monitoring applications. The experiments offer valuable comparisons with previous studies, emphasizing the diverse performance levels of LoRa within a range of 750-1,000 meters. By investigating the performance and coverage of LoRaWAN, this study aims to contribute to the understanding of LoRa technology for environmental monitoring applications. The findings of this study have implications for the design and optimization of LoRaWAN networks, demonstrating the potential of LoRaWan in enabling efficient and scalable environmental sensing technologies.

Citas:0

AÑO:2023
Heterogeneity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Strains Circulating in Panama's Western Region.
DOI:10.4269/ajtmh.23-0039
Acosta, Fermin (City of Knowledge); Saldaña, Ricardo (Hospital Materno Infantil José Domingo de Obaldía, David City, Provincia de Chiriquí, Panama.); Miranda, Sara (City of Knowledge; Autonomous University of Chiriqui); Candanedo, Daniela (City of Knowledge); Sambrano, Dilcia (City of Knowledge); Morán, Mitchelle (City of Knowledge); Bejarano, Saily (Hospital Materno Infantil José Domingo de Obaldía, David City, Provincia de Chiriquí, Panama.); De Arriba, Yeraldine (Hospital Materno Infantil José Domingo de Obaldía, David City, Provincia de Chiriquí, Panama.); Reigosa, Angel (Hospital Materno Infantil José Domingo de Obaldía, David City, Provincia de Chiriquí, Panama.); De Dixon, Elizabeth (Hospital Materno Infantil José Domingo de Obaldía, David City, Provincia de Chiriquí, Panama.); Atencio, María (Hospital Materno Infantil José Domingo de Obaldía, David City, Provincia de Chiriquí, Panama.); Castillo, Ramón (Programa Regional de Tuberculosis de la Provincia de Chiriquí, Ministerio de Salud, David City, Provincia de Chiriquí, Panama.); Goodridge, Amador (City of Knowledge)
Abstract:

Tuberculosis remains a challenge in both rural and urban areas. Although a majority of countries display a higher burden in urban areas compared with rural areas, Panama continues to report the highest mortality rate in Central America. Urban areas, such as Panama City, report a high tuberculosis burden, whereas Panama's western region, including the provinces of Chiriquí, Bocas del Toro (both semiurban) and Ngäbe-Bugle (rural), show a lower burden. We aimed to identify highly transmitted Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains within rural and semiurban settings of Panama's western region during a 3-year period (2017, 2019, 2021). We randomly selected 87 M. tuberculosis isolates from a biobank from Panama's western region and analyzed them using allele-specific oligonucleotide polymerase chain reaction and 24-mycobacterial interspersed repetitive unit-variable number tandem repeat (MIRU-VNTR). Our results show only 11.7% (10/85) of M. tuberculosis strains identified as prevalent A-Beijing, B-Haarlem, or C-LAM Strains. We found a low prevalence of A, B, and C M. tuberculosis strains in both rural and semirural settings compared with isolates collected from the Eastern Colon Province. MIRU-VNTR genotyping revealed a high degree of diversity with no clusters with single loci variation of = 2 loci. These results support the notion that tuberculosis prevalence in the rural and semiurban western region of Panama are not due to previously described highly transmitted strains but is influenced instead by other health determinants, including poor health system access and a lack of systematic transmission chain monitoring. For remote rural and semiurban settings, we recommend allocating resources to reinforce efforts to prevent tuberculosis spread.

Citas:3

AÑO:2023
A consolidated phylogeny of snail-eating snakes (Serpentes, Dipsadini), with the description of five new species from Colombia, Ecuador, and Panama
DOI:10.3897/zookeys.1143.93601
Arteaga, Alejandro (Biodiversity Field Lab (BioFL), Khamai Foundation, Quito, Ecuador, Biodiversity Field Lab, Quito, Ecuador; Tropical Herping S.A., Quito, Ecuador, Tropical Herping S.A., Quito, Ecuador); Batista, Abel (Autonomous University of Chiriqui; Museo Herpetológico de Chiriquí (MHCH), David, Chiriquí, Panama, Museo Herpetológico de Chiriquí, David, Panama; Fundación Los Naturalistas, Boquete, Chiriquí, Panama, Fundación Los Naturalistas, Boquete, Panama; Secretaría Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación)
Abstract:

A molecular phylogeny of the Neotropical snail-eating snakes (tribe Dipsadini Bonaparte, 1838) is presented that includes 60 of the 133 species currently recognized. There is morphological and phylogenetic support for four new species of Sibon Fitzinger, 1826 and one of Dipsas Laurenti, 1768, which are described here based on their unique combination of molecular, meristic, and color pattern characteristics. PlesiodipsasHarvey et al., 2008 is designated as a junior synonym of Dipsas and additional evidence is presented to support the transfer of the genus Geophis Wagler, 1830 to the tribe Dipsadini. Two of the subspecies of S.nebulatus (Linnaeus, 1758) are elevated to full species status. Insight into additional undescribed cryptic diversity within the S.nebulatus species complex is provided. Evidence that supports the existence of an undescribed species previously confused with D.temporalis is provided, as well as the first country record of S.ayerbeorum Vera-Pérez, 2019 in Ecuador with a comment on the ontogenetic variation of the latter. Finally, photographs of Colombian, Ecuadorian, and Panamanian snail-eating snakes are provided.

Citas:4

AÑO:2023
The Trichoptera of Panama XXII. Sixteen new microcaddisfly species (Trichoptera, Hydroptilidae)
DOI:10.3897/zookeys.1174.107314
Harris, Steven C. (University of Pennsylvania; Autonomous University of Chiriqui); Armitage, Brian J. (Autonomous University of Chiriqui)
Abstract:

Sixteen new species of microcaddisflies (Trichoptera, Hydroptilidae) from Panama are herein described and illustrated. The majority of these were collected during surveys of Panama's national parks and protected areas during 2017 and 2018, employing both UV and Malaise traps. The new species include: Alisotrichiaeisbergaesp. nov., Angrisanoiabokotasp. nov., Brediniaparaespinosasp. nov., Cerasmatrichiagarfiozasp. nov., Cerasmatrichiaveraguasensissp. nov., Costatrichiacaloveborasp. nov., Metrichiacaloveborasp. nov., Metrichiacascadasp. nov., Metrichiachiriquiensissp. nov., Metrichiaescobillasp. nov., Metrichialeahaesp. nov., Metrichiatatianaesp. nov., Ochrotrichiaconejorejasp. nov., Ochrotrichiaparaflagellatasp. nov., Oxyethirapehrssonaesp. nov., and Zumatrichiaculebrasp. nov. In total, 506 Trichoptera species are now recorded for the Republic of Panama, distributed among 15 families and 56 genera.

Citas:4

AÑO:2023
Latin American perceptions of fear and exaggeration transmitted by the media with regard to COVID-19: frequency and association with severe mental pathologies
DOI:10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1037450
Mejia, Christian R. (Universidad Norbert Wiener); Aveiro-Róbalo, Telmo Raul (Universidad del Pacífico; Federación Latinoamericana de Sociedades Científicas de Estudiantes de Medicina (FELSOCEM), Asunción, Paraguay); Torales, Luciana Daniela Garlisi (Universidad del Pacífico; Federación Latinoamericana de Sociedades Científicas de Estudiantes de Medicina (FELSOCEM), Asunción, Paraguay); Hidalgo, Verónica Alejandra Alejandra Castro (Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Hispanoamercana, San José, Costa Rica); Valeriano, Jhino (Universidad Nacional del Altiplano); Ibarra-Montenegro, David Alfonso (Autonomous University of Chiriqui); Conde-Escobar, Aram (Universidad Privada de Tacna); Sánchez-Soto, Fernanda (Universidad Privada de Tacna); Canaviri-Murillo, Yuliana (Universidad Privada de Tacna); Oliva-Ponce, María (Universidad Privada de Tacna); Serna-Alarcón, Victor (Antenor Orrego Private University); Vilela-Estrada, Martín A. (Antenor Orrego Private University); Arias-Chávez, Dennis (Universidad Continental)
Abstract:

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic contributed to the spread of abundant misinformation by the media, which caused fear and concern. Objective: To determine the association between the pathologies of the mental sphere and the perceptions of fear and exaggeration transmitted by the media with respect to COVID-19 in Latin America. Methodology: The present study has an analytical cross-sectional design that is based on a validated survey to measure fear and exaggeration transmitted by the media and other sources (Cronbach's a: 0.90). We surveyed more than 6,000 people, originally from 12 Latin American countries, who associated this perceived exaggeration with stress, depression, and anxiety (measured through DASS-21, Cronbach's a: 0.96). Results: Social networks (40%) or television (34%) were perceived as the sources that exaggerate the magnitude of the events. In addition, television (35%) and social networks (28%) were perceived as the sources that generate much fear. On the contrary, physicians and health personnel are the sources that exaggerated less (10%) or provoked less fear (14%). Through a multivariate model, we found a higher level of global perception that was associated with whether the participant was older (p = 0.002), had severe or more serious anxiety (p = 0.033), or had stress (p = 0,037). However, in comparison with Peru (the most affected country), there was a lower level of perception in Chile (p < 0.001), Paraguay (p = 0.001), Mexico (p < 0.001), Ecuador (p = 0.001), and Costa Rica (p = 0.042). All of them were adjusted for gender and for those having severe or major depression. Conclusion: There exists an association between some mental pathologies and the perception that the media does not provide moderate information.

Citas:0

AÑO:2023
Five new species of Gloeandromyces (Fungi, Laboulbeniales) from tropical American bat flies (Diptera, Streblidae), revealed by morphology and phylogenetic reconstruction
DOI:10.1080/00275514.2023.2230114
Van Caenegem, Warre (Ghent University; Warre Van Caenegem and Aimée Blondelle contributed equally to this work.); Blondelle, Aimée (Ghent University; Warre Van Caenegem and Aimée Blondelle contributed equally to this work.); Dumolein, Iris (Ghent University); Santamaria, Brianna (Ghent University); Dick, Carl W. (Western Kentucky University; Field Museum of Natural History); Hiller, Thomas (University of Hohenheim); Liu, Jingyu (Purdue University West Lafayette); Quandt, C. Alisha (University of Colorado Boulder); Saucedo, Rosa V. Villarreal (Autonomous University of Chiriqui); Verbeken, Annemieke (Ghent University); Haelewaters, Danny (Ghent University; University of Colorado Boulder; Autonomous University of Chiriqui; Autonomous University of Chiriqui)
Abstract:

This paper describes and illustrates five new species of Gloeandromyces (Ascomycota, Laboulbeniales) associated with tropical American bat flies (Diptera, Streblidae). These are Gloeandromyces cusucoensis sp. nov. from Trichobius uniformis in Costa Rica and Honduras, G. diversiformis sp. nov. from Strebla wiedemanni in Costa Rica, G. plesiosaurus sp. nov. from Trichobius yunkeri in Panama, G. pseudodickii sp. nov. from Trichobius longipes in Ecuador and Panama, and G. verbekeniae sp. nov. from Strebla galindoi in Ecuador and Panama. The description of these five species doubles the number of known species in the genus. Morphological characteristics, host association, and a three-locus (18S nuc rDNA, 28S nuc rDNA, TEF1) phylogenetic reconstruction support placement of these taxa in the genus Gloeandromyces. Three of the new species are polymorphic; they have multiple morphotypes that grow in specific positions on the host integument: G. diversiformis f. diversiformis, f. musiformis, and f. vanillicarpiformis; G. plesiosaurus f. asymmetricus and f. plesiosaurus; and G. verbekeniae f. verbekeniae and f. inflexus. Finally, a dichotomous key to all species and morphotypes is presented.

Citas:6

AÑO:2023
Co-occurring epiphytic orchids have specialized mycorrhizal fungal niches that are also linked to ontogeny
DOI:10.1007/s00572-022-01099-w
Fernández, Melania (Texas Tech University; University of Costa Rica; Autonomous University of Chiriqui); Kaur, Jaspreet (Texas Tech University); Sharma, Jyotsna (Texas Tech University)
Abstract:

Mycorrhizal symbiosis has been related to the coexistence and community assembly of coexisting orchids in few studies despite their obligate dependence on mycorrhizal partners to establish and survive. In hyper-diverse environments like tropical rain forests, coexistence of epiphytic orchids may be facilitated through mycorrhizal fungal specialization (i.e., sets of unique and dominant mycorrhizal fungi associated with a particular host species). However, information on the role of orchid mycorrhizal fungi (OMF) in niche differentiation and coexistence of epiphytic orchids is still scarce. In this study, we sought to identify the variation in fungal preferences of four co-occurring epiphytic orchids in a tropical rainforest in Costa Rica by addressing the identity and composition of their endophytic fungal and OMF communities across species and life stages. We show that the endophytic fungal communities are formed mainly of previously recognized OMF taxa, and that the four coexisting orchid species have both a set of shared mycorrhizal fungi and a group of fungi unique to an orchid species. We also found that adult plants keep the OMF of the juvenile stage while adding new mycobionts over time. This study provides evidence for the utilization of specific OMF that may be involved in niche segregation, and for an aggregation mechanism where adult orchids keep initial fungal mycobionts of the juvenile stage while adding others.

Citas:8

AÑO:2023
Mycophagy: A Global Review of Interactions between Invertebrates and Fungi
DOI:10.3390/jof9020163
Santamaria, Brianna (Ghent University); Verbeken, Annemieke (Ghent University); Haelewaters, Danny (Ghent University; University of South Bohemia in Ceské Budejovice; Autonomous University of Chiriqui)
Abstract:

Fungi are diverse organisms that occupy important niches in natural settings and agricultural settings, acting as decomposers, mutualists, and parasites and pathogens. Interactions between fungi and other organisms, specifically invertebrates, are understudied. Their numbers are also severely underestimated. Invertebrates exist in many of the same spaces as fungi and are known to engage in fungal feeding or mycophagy. This review aims to provide a comprehensive, global view of mycophagy in invertebrates to bring attention to areas that need more research, by prospecting the existing literature. Separate searches on the Web of Science were performed using the terms "mycophagy" and "fungivore". Invertebrate species and corresponding fungal species were extracted from the articles retrieved, whether the research was field- or laboratory-based, and the location of the observation if field-based. Articles were excluded if they did not list at least a genus identification for both the fungi and invertebrates. The search yielded 209 papers covering seven fungal phyla and 19 invertebrate orders. Ascomycota and Basidiomycota are the most represented fungal phyla whereas Coleoptera and Diptera make up most of the invertebrate observations. Most field-based observations originated from North America and Europe. Research on invertebrate mycophagy is lacking in some important fungal phyla, invertebrate orders, and geographic regions.

Citas:11

AÑO:2023
The Trichoptera of Panama XXI. Review of the genus Tizatetrichia Harris, Flint, and Holzenthal, 2002 (Trichoptera: Hydroptilidae), including two new species, one first country record, and female description of T. panamensis Harris and Armitage, 2019
DOI:10.1080/01650424.2023.2221237
Armitage, Brian J. (Autonomous University of Chiriqui); Harris, Steven C. (Autonomous University of Chiriqui; Department of Biology, Pennsylvania Western University–Clarion, Clarion, PA, USA); E., Yusseff P. Aguirre (Autonomous University of Chiriqui)
Abstract:

The genus Tizatetrichia Harris, Flint, and Holzenthal, 2002 (Trichoptera: Hydroptilidae) was described based on a single male of T. costatricensis Harris, Flint, and Holzenthal, 2002 collected from Guanacaste Province in northwestern Costa Rica. Since then, the second species (T. panamensis Harris and Armitage, 2019) was discovered in a small Caribbean drainage near Chiriquí Grande, Panama. No female of this genus had been described. Recent collections carried out by the Aquatic Invertebrate Research Group (AIRG) at the Universidad Autónoma de Chiriquí (UNACHI) now expand our knowledge of this genus. Herein, we describe a female of Tizatetrichia for the first time, comparing it with that of the related genus Bredinia Flint, 1968. In addition, we describe two new species from central and western Panama (T. escabrosa sp. n. and T. paloseco sp. n.), report one first country record (T. costaricensis), provide keys to the identification of Stactobiinae genera and Tizatetrichia species, and discuss the distribution of the genus in relation to altitude. Panama is now the home to all four species of this Neotropical genus, and its endemic status expanded to Central America. The Republic of Panama has 490 species of caddisflies distributed among 15 families and 56 genera.

Citas:1

AÑO:2023
Diversity of hyperparasitic fungi on Meliolales (Sordariomycetes, Ascomycota): new species, records, and molecular data from Benin and Panama
DOI:10.1007/s11557-023-01913-5
Bermúdez-Cova, Miguel A. (Goethe University Frankfurt; Simón Bolívar University); Krauß, Anna (Goethe University Frankfurt); Sanjur, Alicia (Autonomous University of Chiriqui); Tabé, Affoussatou (Université de Parakou); Hofmann, Tina A. (Autonomous University of Chiriqui); Yorou, Nourou S. (Université de Parakou); Piepenbring, Meike (Goethe University Frankfurt)
Abstract:

Meliolales (black mildews) is an order of plant parasitic ascomycetous fungi in the tropics and subtropics. They are frequently overgrown and parasitized by other fungi, known as hyperparasites. During the last few years, species of hyperparasitic fungi on Meliolales have been collected in Benin and Panama. A new species of Paranectria and seven new reports of hyperparasites of different systematic groups are presented here with detailed descriptions and illustrations, together with new data concerning fungal hosts and host plants. The new species is called Paranectria longiappendiculata, characterized by exceptionally long appendages carried by the ascospores. New records for Benin and Panama are Calloriopsis herpotricha, Dimerosporiella cephalosporii, Isthmospora glabra, Isthmospora trichophila, Malacaria meliolicola, Paranectriella hemileiae, and Paranectriella minuta. Calloriopsis herpotricha is recorded for Africa and D. cephalosporii and P. hemileiae for America for the first time, suggesting an apparently pantropical distribution. Findings show a blatant lack of investigation on hyperparasitic fungi in the tropics. The phylogenetic positions of three of these newly reported species, C. herpotricha, D. cephalosporii, and P. minuta, are shown based on the analysis of internal transcribed spacer (ITS), large subunit (LSU), and small subunit (SSU) rDNA sequences. These sequences were generated in the context of the present study for the first time.

Citas:2

AÑO:2023
A new species of Dipsas (Serpentes, Dipsadidae) from central Panama
DOI:10.3897/zookeys.1145.96616
Ray, Julie M. (University of Nevada Reno); Sánchez-Martínez, Paola (Universidade de São Paulo); Batista, Abel (Autonomous University of Chiriqui; Fundación Los Naturalistas, Boquete, Chiriquí, Panama, Fundación Los Naturalistas, Boquete, Panama; Secretaría Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación); Mulcahy, Daniel G. (National Museum of Natural History); Sheehy, Coleman M. (University of Florida; Florida Museum of Natural History); Smith, Eric N. (The University of Texas at Arlington); Pyron, R. Alexander (National Museum of Natural History; George Washington University); Arteaga, Alejandro (Biodiversity Field Lab (BioFL), Khamai Foundation, Quito, Ecuador, Biodiversity Field Lab (BioFL), Khamai Foundation, Quito, Ecuador)
Abstract:

A new species of Dipsas Laurenti, 1768, from Central Panama is described based on molecular analyses, hemipenial morphology, and external characters. This is the sixth species of Dipsas to be described for the country; the snake has been suspected to exist since 1977 and has not been thoroughly studied until now. Additionally, morphological comparations including scale counts are done with other species within the genus, and the current geographic distribution of Dipsastemporalis (Werner, 1909), the sister species, is updated. Finally, a key to the species of Dipsas currently known from Middle America is presented.

Citas:1

AÑO:2023
Phylogeny and taxonomy of Rhytisma-like species worldwide
DOI:10.1007/s13225-023-00519-2
Wang, Qiu-Tong (Capital Normal University); Guo, Mei-Jun (Capital Normal University); Lv, Tu (Capital Normal University); Zhou, Hao (Capital Normal University); Wang, Shuang (Capital Normal University); Wang, Shi-Juan (Anhui Agricultural University); Lin, Ying-Ren (Anhui Agricultural University); Gronefeld, Sarah (Department of Mycology, Biologicum, Max-Von-Laue-Str. 13, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany); Kirschner, Roland (National Taiwan University); Piepenbring, Meike (Department of Mycology, Biologicum, Max-Von-Laue-Str. 13, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany); Hofmann, Tina A. (Autonomous University of Chiriqui); Cannon, Paul F. (Royal Botanic Gardens); Hou, Cheng-Lin (Capital Normal University; Capital Normal University)
Abstract:

Rhytisma Fr. is the type genus of Rhytismataceae (Rhytismatales, Leotiomycetes, Ascomycota). Rhytisma-like species include members of Cryptomyces, Rhytisma and Vladracula. They are parasites on leaves of broadleaf trees and cause tar spot diseases. In this study, a phylogeny based on the large subunit of the ribosomal rRNA gene (nrLSU) and the mitochondrial small subunit (mtSSU) is presented, including sequences of 39 newly collected specimens from East Asia, Europe, and temperate as well as tropical America. Based on analyses of morphology, phylogeny as well as host-specificity and diversification time estimates, the family Rhytismataceae sensu stricto is proposed, and eight genera are accepted in this narrow family, including four novel genera (Densorhytisma, Fanglania, Johnstoniella and Shiqia), the type genus Rhytisma, and the reinstated genera Lophodermina, Placuntium and Xyloma. Lophodermina clusters within the main Rhytisma clade in our analyses, but is divergent in morphological terms, not having large compound stromata. Thirty species are recognized, including seven novel species (Fanglania hubeiensis, F. parasitica, Johnstoniella yunnanensis, Rhytisma japonicum, Rh. taiwanense, Xyloma globosum, and X. shennongjiaense), fifteen new combinations (Densorhytisma anhuiense, D. huangshanense, F. concova, F. himalensis, F. ilicis-integrae, F. ilicis-latifoliae, F. ilicis-pedunculosae, J. lonicerae, Rh. annuliforme, Shiqia menziesii, S. yuexiensis, X. filamentosum, X. maximum, X. muelleri, and X. polare), one new name (J. xylostei), seven known species (Lophodermina melaleuca, Placuntium andromedae, Rhytisma acerinum, Rh. americanum, Rh. punctatum, X. salicinum, and X. umbonatum). In addition, seven immature specimens were studied but not assigned to existing species, herein referred to as Fanglania sp. 1, Johnstoniella sp. 1, Johnstoniella sp. 2, Placuntium sp. 1, Placuntium sp. 2, Rhytisma sp. 1, and Xyloma sp. 1. The systematic positions of Cryptomyces maximus, Cr. muelleri and Vladracula annuliformis are re-assigned based on phylogenetic analysis. One Rhytisma-like species from tropical America was segregated from Rhytismataceae s.str., thus a novel genus Neorhytisma was established to accommodate this species, with the one new combinations Neorhytisma panamense. The results of the molecular phylogenetic analysis indicate that Rhytisma-like species are host-specific at genus level. Apparently, Rhytisma-like species coevolved with their hosts, and Rhytisma-like species on Ericaceae seem to be in the process of host jumping. Morphological characteristics of ascomata are important for the delimitation of species and genera of Rhytisma-like species. This study provides a key to genera and species of recognized Rhytisma-like species worldwide.

Citas:4

AÑO:2023
A new Ophidion (Orchidaceae, Pleurothallidinae) from the Pacific lowlands of Colombia and the unresolved phylogenetic position of Phloeophila s.l.
DOI:10.1080/14772000.2022.2160504
Reina-Rodríguez, Guillermo A. (National University of Colombia); Bogarín, Diego (University of Costa Rica; Autonomous University of Chiriqui; Naturalis Biodiversity Center); Hernandez, Yerlin (Fundación San Cipriano. Vía Cali-Buenaventura, Corregimiento de Córdoba, Buenaventura, Colombia); Nicholls-Giraldo, Isabel (University of Valle); Pérez-Escobar, Oscar A. (Royal Botanic Gardens)
Abstract:

A species new to science of a miniature orchid, endemic to the humid Pacific lowland, Municipality of Buenaventura (Valle del Cauca, Colombia), is described and illustrated. Ophidion erectilabrum sp. nov. is morphologically similar to O. alphonsianum, but the new species is recognized by the orbicular leaves (vs. elliptic), the erect inflorescence, longer than the leaves (vs. descending, shorter than the leaves), and the abruptly upward curved epichile (vs. flat). Because of the different proposals in the circumscription of Phloeophila s.l., we performed a new phylogenetic analysis to assess the most appropriate genus to place the new species, and discuss the phylogenetic position of Luerella, Ophidion, and Phloeophila based on all currently available data from nrITS and matK and recent studies using high-throughput sequencing. Although the three genera are supported as monophyletic groups, we recovered unresolved relationships and discordant topologies among them using only these two molecular markers. Therefore, we describe this species in Ophidion because of the morphological differences between Luerella and Phloeophila and because the grouping of Phloeophila s.l. lacks diagnostic features, and is yet to be supported by molecular analysis.

Citas:1

AÑO:2023
Orchidaceae acostanae: typification of Costa Rican orchid species described by Rudolf Schlechter from collections by Guillermo Acosta
DOI:10.1080/23818107.2023.2225105
Bogarín, Diego (University of Costa Rica; Autonomous University of Chiriqui; Naturalis Biodiversity Center); Ossenbach, Carlos (University of Costa Rica; Orquideario 25 de Mayo, Sabanilla de Montes de Oca, Costa Rica); Belfort-Oconitrillo, Noelia (University of Costa Rica; Orchid Conservation Project, Bosque de Paz Biological Reserve, Bajos Del Toro, Sarchí, Alajuela, Costa Rica); Pupulin, Franco (University of Costa Rica; Harvard University; Marie Selby Botanical Gardens)
Abstract:

Rudolf Schlechter (1872–1925) described several orchid taxa based on specimens collected in Costa Rica during the first half of the 20th century. Unfortunately, the type material kept at the Botanical Museum of Berlin-Dahlem (B) was destroyed in the bombing of Berlin, Germany, in 1943. To complete the typification of names proposed by Schlechter, based on orchid collections attributed to Guillermo Acosta in Costa Rica, we have compiled a list of 22 names. Previously, 11 lectotypifications and five neotypifications were proposed on this material. However, we found six names that lacked typification. Therefore, formal typifications are proposed for Acostaea pleurothalloides, Dichaea similis, Goodyera micrantha, Lepanthes acostae, L. pubilabia, and Stelis acostae. Additionally, we provide a biographical context to understand Acosta’s relationship with Schlechter and the historical background of these collections. Finally, we provide bibliographical references and illustrations for lectotypes and neotypes. This work is part of a series focused on the nomenclature and typification of orchid names proposed by Schlechter in Costa Rica, aimed at clarifying our understanding of his species concepts in the Neotropics. Further, the typification of the names based on the collections made by the brothers Alfred and Curt Brade is necessary to complete this series.

Citas:0

AÑO:2023
Causes of Chronic Kidney Disease of Non-Traditional Origin in Central America: An Approach Based on Medical Geology
DOI:10.3390/geosciences13120360
Valdés-Rodríguez, Benedicto (Costa Rica Institute of Technology; Autonomous University of Chiriqui; National Research System (SNI) of National Secretariat of Science, Technology and Innovation (Panama), Panama City P.O. Box 0816-02852, Panama); Montero-Campos, Virginia (Biotechnology Research Center, School of Biology, Technological Institute of Costa Rica, Cartago P.O. Box 159-7050, Costa Rica;, vmontero@itcr.ac.cr); Siebecker, Matthew G. (Texas Tech University)
Abstract:

Chronic kidney disease of non-traditional origin (CKDnt) in Central America, also known as Mesoamerican Nephropathy (MeN), is of particular concern in agricultural populations. The member states of the Central American Integration System (SICA) determined in 2013 that there was an imperative need to address the situation in a comprehensive manner and defined policies for the intervention of the disease. A situation that currently worries health authorities is that cases are on the rise—without distinguishing or implementing effective actions to achieve a decrease in disease prevalence. The incidence of heat and strenuous activities on renal health is undeniable; however, labeling these variables as the only responsible causes for MeN has not catalyzed the implementation of health measures to lead to a preventive approach to solve the epidemic or to achieve a decrease in the number of new cases. This review addresses the role nephrotoxic metals present in the environment, mainly in soils and water, may have as part of a scenario of exposure to environmental toxins in which environmental, occupational, geographic and population variables interact. An integral approach was used to encompass the multicausality that is attributed to MeN and based on the multidisciplinary concept of the re-emerging discipline called medical geology.

Citas:2

AÑO:2023
The Trichoptera of Panama XX. Six new microcaddisflies (Trichoptera: Hydroptilidae) and two new country records
DOI:10.1080/01650424.2023.2205397
Harris, Steven C. (Department of Biology, Pennsylvania Western University–Clarion, Clarion, PA, USA; Autonomous University of Chiriqui); González, Tomás A. Ríos (Autonomous University of Chiriqui); Aguirre, Yusseff (Autonomous University of Chiriqui)
Abstract:

Six new species of microcaddisflies (Trichoptera: Hydroptilidae) are herein described and illustrated: Cerasmatrichia armitagei sp. n., Metrichia hocica sp. n., Neotrichia majagua sp. n., N. solapa sp. n., Ochrotrichia latigiza sp. n., and O. ngabebuglea sp. n. These species were collected in western Panama from the Río Majagua watershed descending from Volcán Barú and Quebrada Martínez, a first-order stream in the Río Guabo watershed of the Bosque Protector Palo Seco. Metrichia quadrata (Flint, 1972) and Ochrotrichia filiforma Flint, 1972 are recorded for the first time from Panama. Two recently described species, Metrichia trebeki Harris and Armitage, 2019 and Ochrotrichia alma Thomson and Armitage, 2021 are reported for the second time from the country. The Republic of Panama now has 487 species of caddisflies distributed among 15 families and 56 genera. http://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:C98A88C2-2626-41E5-B294-0DBA6135AF67

Citas:7

AÑO:2023
El Lenguaje Semiótico en la Arquitectura: Entre signos y significados
DOI:10.5377/arquitectura.v8i16.17430
Báez-Álvarez, Fabian Enrique (La Gran Colombia University); del Carmen González-Rivera, Katherine (Autonomous University of Chiriqui); Ángel-Rubiano, Danna Catalina (La Gran Colombia University); Almario-Castillo, José Agustín (Autonomous University of Chiriqui)
Abstract:

Giving a methodological sense to the teaching-learning processes in architecture is essential for the training of both students and teachers. Therefore, within the framework of the research titled "The Nine Languages of Architecture," a characterization is provided for various languages that constitute architecture. This document integrates semiotic language not as a capricious or vain act; on the contrary, it seeks to recognize semiotics beyond a concept and the simplicity of its meaning (which is by no means simple). This recognition infuses a profound dogma of its entire logic, use, and development within the education of future architects, particularly when aiming for its integration into everyday professional life. Additionally, when exploring authors and thinkers on semiotics in architecture, an immersion is evident among professionals from other disciplines, presenting extensive knowledge. This impact influences researchers involved in this orthodox theme in the foundation of architecture. The methodology of this essay stems from a central investigation titled "The Nine Languages of Architecture," defining a qualitative-descriptive approach that involves collecting and analyzing non-numerical data to explore meanings and interpretations. Although this essay does not conclusively define the use of the term semiotics or semiology, it provides guidelines regarding its usage and general applicability within the architectural domain.

Citas:0

AÑO:2023
El docente de Arquitectura: En formación o formado
DOI:10.5377/arquitectura.v8i15.16270
Báez-Álvarez, Fabian Enrique (La Gran Colombia University); del Carmen González-Rivera, Katherine (Autonomous University of Chiriqui); Ángel-Rubiano, Danna Catalina (La Gran Colombia University)
Abstract:

| Institutions of Higher Education - IES, show their concern for the training of their students, which is why strategies are generated for the training exercise of these, valuing them qualitatively through competencies and/or learning results, which are simply the measurement of knowledge, skills, abilities and aptitudes, of what is expected to be the consequence of the academic exercise throughout the university time. These measurements are the ones that the teacher is generally faced with developing on a daily basis inside the classroom and many times outside of it, hence the concern that assails the development of this presentation: Is the architecture teacher really trained pedagogically, to respond to the academic needs of their students? For this, a presentation will be made on three models of teacher training: "academicist, utilitarian and centered in the classroom", each one of them with its benefits and its mistakes; to arrive at the presentation of a training model for Architecture teachers focused on three essential elements: the method, the methodology and the investigation, of which we want to highlight since many times it is presented that the architecture student does not investigate and with This is to erase that myth. The text aims to demonstrate how from the experience of teaching and professional practice, together with the strategies of the integrating project, combining the use of the appropriate tools and pedagogical resources, integrated into a good method and a methodology of academic work, respond to teacher training. from the classroom and generate a coherent transmission of knowledge and good teaching-learning of the different areas of knowledge of architecture. Thus, this concern emerges within the framework of the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4RI) and the educational problems present in the 21st century, elucidating methodological strategies that lead to the best pedagogical practices, attending to current and future social needs for architecture students; in such a way that the conclusion can be reached as to whether architecture teachers are in training or are trained.

Citas:0

AÑO:2023
Ongoing harlequin toad declines suggest the amphibian extinction crisis is still an emergency
DOI:10.1038/s43247-023-01069-w
Lötters, Stefan (University of Trier); Plewnia, Amadeus (University of Trier); Catenazzi, Alessandro (Florida International University); Neam, Kelsey (Re:wild, Austin, TX, USA); Acosta-Galvis, Andrés R. (Fundación Batrachia, Villa de Leyva, Colombia); Alarcon Vela, Yesenia (National Agrarian University); Allen, Joshua P. (Plant for Future Rostock e.V, Rostock, Germany); Alfaro Segundo, Juan O. (Universidad Nacional de San Martín); de Lourdes Almendáriz Cabezas, Ana (National Polytechnic School); Alvarado Barboza, Gilbert (University of Costa Rica); Alves-Silva, Kleiton R. (Federal University of Para); Anganoy-Criollo, Marvin (Universidade de São Paulo); Arbeláez Ortiz, Ernesto (Centro de Conservación de Anfibios, Bioparque Amaru, Cuenca, Ecuador); Arpi Lojano, Jackeline D. (Centro de Conservación de Anfibios, Bioparque Amaru, Cuenca, Ecuador); Arteaga, Alejandro (Khamai Foundation, Quito, Ecuador); Ballestas, Onil (Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas); Barrera Moscoso, Diego (Museo de Historia Natural); Barros-Castañeda, José D. (Fundación Atelopus, Santa Marta, Colombia); Batista, Abel (Autonomous University of Chiriqui); Bernal, Manuel H. (University of Tolima); Betancourt, Esteban (National University of Colombia; National University of Colombia); da Cunha Bitar, Youszef Oliveira (Federal University of Para); Böning, Philipp (University of Trier); Bravo-Valencia, Laura (University of Antioquia); Cáceres Andrade, José F. (Programa de Biodiversidad, Parque Nacional Cajas, Cuenca, Ecuador); Cadenas, Diego (Rescue of Endangered Venezuelan Amphibians (REVA) Conservation Center, Mérida, Venezuela); Chaparro Auza, Juan Carlos (Museo de Biodiversidad del Perú, Cusco, Perú); Chaves-Portilla, Giovanni A. (Fundación Ecodiversidad Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia); Chávez, Germán (Instituto Peruano de Herpetología, Lima, Peru); Coloma, Luis A. (Centro Jambatu de Investigación y Conservación de Anfibios); Cortez-Fernandez, Claudia F. (Museo Nacional de Historia Natural, La Paz, Bolivia); Courtois, Elodie A. (ENIA, Remire-Montjoly, French Guiana); Culebras, Jaime (Photo Wildlife Tours, Quito, Ecuador; Fundación Cóndor Andino, Quito, Ecuador); De la Riva, Ignacio (Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales); Diaz, Vladimir (Asociación Pro Fauna Silvestre Ayacucho, Ayacucho, Peru; San Cristóbal of Huamanga University); Elizondo Lara, Luis C. (Universidad de Panamá); Ernst, Raffael (Senckenberg Natural History Collections Dresden; TU Dresden); Flechas, Sandra V. (Bichos.team, Bogotá, Colombia); Foch, Thibaut (Réserve naturelle du Mont Grand Matoury, Cayenne, French Guiana); Fouquet, Antoine (Laboratory Evolution and Biological Diversity); García Méndez, Carmen Z. (Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas); García-Pérez, Juan Elias (Universidad Nacional Experimental de los Llanos Occidentales Ezequiel Zamora); Gómez-Hoyos, Diego A. (Universidad del Rosario; Fundación Soy Conservación, Caicedonia, Colombia); Gomides, Samuel C. (Federal University of Western Pará); Guerrel, Jorge (Panama Amphibian Rescue and Conservation Center, Gamboa, Panamá); Gratwicke, Brian (Smithsonian’s National Zoo and Conservation Biology Institute, Front Royal, USA); Guayasamin, Juan M. (Universidad San Francisco de Quito); Griffith, Edgardo (EVACC Foundation, Panamá, Panama); Herrera-Alva, Valia (Museo de Historia Natural); Ibáñez, Roberto (Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute); Idrovo, Carlos Iván (Universidad Católica de Loja, Loja, Ecuador); Jiménez Monge, Andrés (55 Millbank Ct, Thornhill, USA); Jorge, Rafael F. (Federal University of Rio de Janeiro); Jung, Alisha (University of Trier); Klocke, Blake (Detroit Zoological Society, Detroit, USA); Lampo, Margarita (Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas; Fundación para el Desarrollo de las Ciencias Físicas, Matemáticas y Naturales (FUDECI), Caracas, Venezuela); Lehr, Edgar (Illinois Wesleyan University); Lewis, Carrie H. R. (George Mason University); Lindquist, Erik D. (Department of Biological Sciences, Messiah University, Mechanicsburg, USA); López-Perilla, Yeny R. (National University of Colombia); Mazepa, Glib (University of Lausanne; Department of Ecology and Genetics, Evolutionary Biology, Uppsala, Sweden); Medina-Rangel, Guido F. (National University of Colombia); Merino Viteri, Andrés (Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador); Mulder, Kevin (Ghent University); Pacheco-Suarez, Mauricio (Calle 10, # 29, Achumani, La Paz, Bolivia); Pereira-Muñoz, Andry (Universidad Nacional Experimental de Los Llanos Ezequiel Zamora, Guanare, Venezuela); Pérez-González, José Luis (Fundación Atelopus, Santa Marta, Colombia; University of Magdalena); Pinto Erazo, Maria Alejandra (University of Trier; National University of Colombia); Pisso Florez, Adolfo Gustavo (Fundación Herencia Natural, Popayán, Colombia; Parque Nacional Natural Puracé, Popayán, Colombia); Ponce, Marcos (Autonomous University of Chiriqui); Poole, Vicky (Fort Worth Zoo, Fort Worth, TX, USA); Quezada Riera, Amanda B. (Centro Jambatu de Investigación y Conservación de Anfibios; Biodiversity Field Lab (BioFL), Khamai Foundation, Quito, Ecuador); Quiroz, Aarón J. (National University of Saint Augustine); Quiroz-Espinoza, Michelle (Autonomous University of Chiriqui; Fundación Los Naturalistas, David, Panamá); Ramírez Guerra, Alejandro (Carrera 45 # 9 sur 29, Medellín, Colombia); Ramírez, Juan P. (San Diego State University); Reichle, Steffen (Museo de Historia Natural Noel Kempff Mercado); Reizine, Hugo (6 sentier du bougon, Graye Sur Mer, France); Rivera-Correa, Mauricio (National University of Colombia); Roca-Rey Ross, Bernardo (Instituto Peruano de Herpetología, Lima, Peru); Rocha-Usuga, Andrés (Fundación Atelopus, Santa Marta, Colombia); Rodrigues, Miguel Trefaut (Universidade de São Paulo); Rojas Montaño, Sintana (Fundación Atelopus, Santa Marta, Colombia); Rößler, Daniela C. (University of Konstanz; University of Konstanz; Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior); Rueda Solano, Luis Alberto (Fundación Atelopus, Santa Marta, Colombia; University of Magdalena); Señaris, Celsa (Estación Biológica de Doñana); Shepack, Alexander (Florida International University); Siavichay Pesántez, Fausto R. (Centro de Conservación de Anfibios, Bioparque Amaru, Cuenca, Ecuador); Sorokin, Anton (1862 Arch St, Berkeley, CA, USA); Terán-Valdez, Andrea (Centro Jambatu de Investigación y Conservación de Anfibios); Torres-Ccasani, Grecia (Museo de Historia Natural; Asociación Ararankha Ecología y Conservación, Lima, Peru); Tovar-Siso, Pablo C. (Universidad Nacional Experimental de Los Llanos Ezequiel Zamora, Guanare, Venezuela); Valencia, Lina M. (Re:wild, Austin, TX, USA); Velásquez-Trujillo, David A. (University of Trier; Calima, Fundación Para la Investigación de la Biodiversidad y Conservación en el Trópico, Cali, Valle del Cauca, Colombia); Veith, Michael (University of Trier); Venegas, Pablo J. (Rainforest Partnership, Austin, USA); Villalba-Fuentes, Jeferson (Fundación Atelopus, Santa Marta, Colombia); von May, Rudolf (California State University, Channel Islands); Webster Bernal, Juan F. (Ministerio del Ambiente y Agua, Quito, Ecuador); La Marca, Enrique (University of Trier; Rescue of Endangered Venezuelan Amphibians (REVA) Conservation Center, Mérida, Venezuela; University of the Andes)
Abstract:

Biodiversity loss is extreme in amphibians. Despite ongoing conservation action, it is difficult to determine where we stand in overcoming their extinction crisis. Among the most threatened amphibians are the 131 Neotropical harlequin toads. Many of them declined since the 1980s with several considered possibly extinct. Recently, more than 30 species have been rediscovered, raising hope for a reversing trend in the amphibian extinction crisis. We use past and present data available for harlequin toads (Atelopus), to examine whether the amphibian extinction crisis is still in an emergency state. Since 2004 no species has improved its population status, suggesting that recovery efforts have not been successful. Threats include habitat change, pathogen spread and climate change. More mitigation strategies need implementation, especially habitat protection and disease management, combined with captive conservation breeding. With harlequin toads serving as a model, it is clear that the amphibian extinction crisis is still underway.

Citas:17

AÑO:2023
Range extension of Isthmoheros tuyrensis, a threatened species of fish (Cichlidae) in Panama: including new ecological and morphological data
DOI:10.11609/jott.7950.15.2.22611-22622
Dominici-Arosemena, Arturo (International Maritime University of Panama); Angulo, Arturo (University of Costa Rica); Osorio-Ugarte, Haydee (Universidad Tecnológica de Panamá); Ortega-Samaniego, Quiriatjaryn (Universitat Politècnica de València); Fraiz, Andres (Wetlands International, Latinoamérica y el Caribe Apartado Postal 0819-03717, Ciudad de Panamá, República de Panamá); Guerrel, Arminda (International Maritime University of Panama); Arauz, Edgar (Universidad de Panamá); Montiel, Jennifer (Autonomous University of Chiriqui); Medina, Beatriz (International Maritime University of Panama); Rodriguez-Arriati, Yehudi (International Maritime University of Panama); Gonzalez, Yessenia (International Maritime University of Panama); Pardo, Javier (Universidad de Panamá); Urriola, Karly (International Maritime University of Panama); Ramos-Merchante, Adrian (University of Huelva)
Abstract:

There are two endemic species of Cichlidae in southern Central America, both found in the Pacific Slope of Eastern Panama (PSEP). One is Isthmoheros tuyrensis, which until now was presumed to be distributed in the Darien Province and the Bayano River basin. Information on distribution and ecology of I. tuyrensis is relatively scarce. In this investigation we report a new range extension for the species and provide additional morphological and ecological data. Fish were sampled using electrofishing and cast nets, in three river basins of the Panama District (Matasnillo, Juan Díaz, and Pacora) from August–September (rainy season) of 2020, February–March (dry season), and April (transition season) of 2021. Fish diversity, water quality, and physical parameters were gathered within the upper, middle, and lower portions of the three basins. This study focused on the localities where specimens of I. tuyrensis were found (i.e., Pacora river basin). The presence of the species in localities with significant anthropogenic threats results in a potential barrier for distribution, along with the possibility of extirpation due to heavy pollution – in particular from the rivers on the western side of Panama City. In addition, we note an increase in urban threat from the east of the city due to expanded development and agricultural activities. I. tuyrensis, the virtually unknown “Aveinte” in Spanish or the “Isthmian Hero”, is listed as Vulnerable by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN)’s Red List and inhabits some river basins lacking effective protection, being the only endemic fish species located in an urban basin in the Pacific of Mesoamerica. The information on distribution, morphology, and ecology provided here will contribute to a better understanding of the species’ biology and will aid the creation and implementation of management and conservation measures.

Citas:0

AÑO:2023
The amphibian extinction crisis is still an emergency
DOI:10.21203/rs.3.rs-2711241/v1
Lötters, Stefan (University of Trier); Plewnia, Amadeus (University of Trier); Catenazzi, Alessandro (Florida International University); Neam, Kelsey (Re:wild); Acosta-Galvis, Andrés (Fundación Batrachia); Vela, Yesenia Alarcon (); Allen, Joshua (Plant for Future Rostock); Segundo, Juan Alfaro (National University of General San Martín); Cabezas, Ana Almendáriz (National Polytechnic School); Alvarado, Gilbert (University of Costa Rica); Alves-Silva, Kleiton (Federal University of Para); Anganoy-Criollo, Marvin (Universidade de São Paulo); Ortiz, Ernesto Arbeláez (Zoológico Amaru); L., Jackeline Arpi (Zoológico Amaru); Arteaga, Alejandro (Khamai Foundation); Ballestas, Onil (Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas); Moscoso, Diego Barrera (Museo de Historia Natural); Barros-Castañeda, José (University of Magdalena); Batista, Abel (Autonomous University of Chiriqui); Bernal, Manuel (University of Tolima); Betancourt, Esteban (National University of Colombia); Bitar, Youszef (Federal University of Para); Böning, Philipp (University of Trier); Bravo-Valencia, Laura (University of Antioquia); Andrade, José Cáceres (Parque Nacional Cajas); Cadenas, Diego (); Auza, Juan Carlos Chaparro (Museo de Biodiversidad del Perú); Chaves-Portilla, Giovanni (Fundación Ecodiversidad Colombia); Chávez, Germán (Instituto Peruano de Herpetologia); Coloma, Luis (Centro Jambatu de Investigación y Conservación de Anfibios); Fernández, Claudia Cortez (IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group Bolivia); Courtois, Elodie (CNRS-Guyane); Culebras, Jaime (Photo Wildlife Tours); Riva, Ignacio De la (Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales); Diaz, Vladimir (Asociación Pro Fauna Silvestre Ayacucho); Lara, Luis Elizondo (); Ernst, Raffael (Senckenberg Natural History Collections Dresden); Flechas, Sandra (Bichos.team); Foch, Thibaut (Réserve naturelle du Mont Grand Matoury); Fouquet, Antoine (Laboratoire Évolution & Diversité Biologique, UMR 5174, Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier); Méndez, Carmen García (Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas); García-Pérez, Juan Elias (); Gómez-Hoyos, Diego (Universidad del Rosario); Gomides, Samuel (Federal University of Western Pará); Guerrel, Jorge (Panama Amphibian rescue and Conservation Center); Gratwicke, Brian (Smithsonian Institution); Guayasamin, Juan (Universidad San Francisco de Quito); Griffith, Edgardo (EVACC Foundation); Herrera-Alva, Valia (Museo de Historia Natural San Marcos); Ibanez, Roberto (Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute); Idrovo, Carlos (Universidad Católica de Loja); Monge, Andrés Jiménez (55 Millbank Ct); Jorge, Rafael (Federal University of Rio de Janeiro); Jung, Alisha (University of Trier); Klocke, Blake (); Lampo, Margarita (Centro de Ecología, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas (IVIC)); Lehr, Edgar (Illinois Wesleyan University); Lewis, Carrie (George Mason University); Lindquist, Erik (Messiah University); López-Perilla, Yeny (National University of Colombia); Mazepa, Glib (University of Lausanne); Rangel, Guido Medina (National University of Colombia); Merino-Viteri, Andrés (Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador); Mulder, Kevin (Ghent University); Pacheco-Suarez, Mauricio (None); Pereira-Muñoz, Andry (Universidad Nacional Experimental de Los Llanos Ezequiel Zamora); Pérez-González, José (Fundación Atelopus); Erazo, Maria Pinto (University of Trier); Pisso-Florez, Gustavo (Fundación Ambiental Ecohabitats); Ponce, Marcos (N/A); Poole, Vicky (Fort Worth Zoo); Riera, Amanda Quezada (Centro Jambatu de Investigación y Conservación de Anfibios); Quiroz, Aarón (National University of Saint Augustine); Quiroz-Espinoza, Michelle (Autonomous University of Chiriqui); Guerra, Alejandro Ramírez (None); Ramírez, Juan (San Diego State University); Reichle, Steffen (Museo Historia Natural Noel Kempff Mercado); Reizine, Hugo (None); Rivera-Correa, Mauricio (National University of Colombia); Ross, Bernardo Roca-Rey (Instituto Peruano de Herpetología); Rocha-Usuga, Andrés (Fundación Atelopus); Rodriguez, Miguel (Universidade de São Paulo); M., Sintana Rojas (); Rößler, Daniela (University of Konstanz); Solano, Luis Rueda (University of Magdalena); Señaris, Celsa (Estación Biológica de Doñana (EBD-CSIC)); Shepack, Alexander (Florida International University); Pesántez, Fausto Siavichay (Zoológico Amaru); Sorokin, Anton (); Terán-Valdez, Andrea (Centro Jambatu de Investigación y Conservación de Anfibios); Torres-Ccasani, Grecia (National University of San Marcos); Tovar-Siso, Pablo (); Valencia, Lina (re:wild); Velásquez-Trujillo, David (University of Trier); Veith, Michael (University of Trier); Venegas, Pablo (Rainforest Partnership); Villalba-Fuentes, Jeferson (Fundación Atelopus); von May, Rudolf (California State University, Channel Islands); Bernal, Juan Webster (Ministerio del Ambiente y Agua); Marca, Enrique La (Rescue of Endangered Venezuelan Amphibians (REVA) Conservation Center)
Abstract:

Anthropogenic biodiversity loss is extreme in amphibians. Despite ongoing conservation action, it is difficult to determine where we stand in overcoming their extinction crisis 1,2. Extinction risk is not equally distributed across amphibians 3-5. Among the most threatened amphibians are the 131 Neotropical harlequin toads (Atelopus), many of which dramatically declined since the late 1980s with several considered possibly extinct 5,6. Recently, more than 30 species have been rediscovered7, raising hope for a reversing trend in the amphibian extinction crisis. We use harlequin toads, for which comprehensive past and present population status, threat and conservation action data are available, as a model for examining whether the amphibian extinction crisis is still in a state of emergency. We show that since 2004 no species has improved its population status, suggesting that the conservation community has not yet bent the curve. Threats such as pathogen spread and habitat change persist unabated; additionally, climate change is expected to be a future threat. More on-the-ground mitigation strategies need implementation, especially habitat protection and disease management, combined with captive conservation breeding. With harlequin toads serving as a model for amphibians with high extinction risk, it is clear that the amphibian extinction crisis is still underway.

Citas:2

AÑO:2022
An Exploration of LoRa Network in Tropical Farming Environment
DOI:10.1109/ccai55564.2022.9807765
Gonzalez, Carlos (Autonomous University of Chiriqui); Gibeaux, Soizic (Autonomous University of Chiriqui); Ponte, Daniel (Autonomous University of Chiriqui); Espinosa, Asael (Autonomous University of Chiriqui); Pitti, Javier (Instituto de Innovación Agropecuaria de Panamá); Nolot, Florent (University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne)
Abstract:

Agricultural Internet of Things (IoT) applications represent a great help in collect environmental data and guide the farmer to make better decisions. Due to the data range of wireless networks and low power capabilities, one promising technologies for Low-Power-Wide-Area-Network (LPWAN) is LoRa systems. This study provides the performance evaluation of outdoor Lora signal propagation within the range 902-928 megahertz frequency in tropical environment. The behavior of LoRa communication in a tropical vegetation appeared smaller than the theoretical expected range. A dense vegetation intensely reduces the communication range impacting the spreading factor and coding rate. The sensor nodes are positioned from several hundred meters of a point collection in a rural environment. Different propagation models and checkpoint have been compared to the measurement metrics of the LoRa performance evaluation including the Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR), the Received Packet Ratio (RPR), Received Signal Strength Indication (RSSI).

Citas:4

AÑO:2022
The Trichoptera of Panama. XIX. Additions to and a review of the genus Leucotrichia (Trichoptera, Hydroptilidae) in Panama
DOI:10.3897/zookeys.1111.77371
Thomson, Robin E. (University of Minnesota); Armitage, Brian J. (Autonomous University of Chiriqui); Harris, Steven C. (Clarion University)
Abstract:

Prior to 2016, three species of caddisflies in the genus Leucotrichia (Trichoptera: Hydroptilidae) were known from Panama. Subsequently, one new species and four new country records were added to Panama's fauna. Herein, four new species are described (Leucotrichiacortadera sp. nov., L.holzenthali sp. nov., L.luma sp. nov., L.ruiteri sp. nov.) and two new country records added for Panama (L.botosaneanui Flint, 1996, L.hispida Thomson & Holzenthal, 2015). The resulting total of 14 species makes Panama the most species-rich country for this genus. Panama's species assemblage is most similar to Costa Rica and Mexico. However, the similarities among faunas in all these countries is very low (< 35%). Thus, more new country records are possible with additional collecting. Recent collections (2015-2021) of new caddisfly species and country records in this genus were effected primarily by use of Malaise traps. Our collections also evidenced multiple species from the same collecting site, with seven species each found in both lowland and mid-altitude sites. Investigation of the distribution of Leucotrichia species with altitude reveals a preference by several species for higher altitude locations. Additional Malaise trap collections over extended time periods are needed to verify the validity of all observations and preliminary conclusions made to date.

Citas:5

AÑO:2022
A new rainfrog of the genus Pristimantis (Anura, Brachycephaloidea) from central and eastern Panama
DOI:10.3897/zookeys.1081.63009
Mebert, Konrad (State University of Santa Cruz; Global Biology, Waldmatt, Birr, 5242, Switzerland, Global Biology, Waldmatt, Switzerland; Los Naturalistas, David, Chiriquí, 426–01459, Panama, Asociación ADOPTA el Bosque Panamá, Gamboa, Panama); González-Pinzón, Macario (Autonomous University of Chiriqui; Asociación ADOPTA el Bosque Panamá, 119x Gamboa, Panama, Museo Herpetológico de Chiriquí, David, Panama); Miranda, Madian (Autonomous University of Chiriqui; Autonomous University of Chiriqui; Los Naturalistas, David, Chiriquí, 426–01459, Panama, Asociación ADOPTA el Bosque Panamá, Gamboa, Panama; Asociación ADOPTA el Bosque Panamá, 119x Gamboa, Panama, Museo Herpetológico de Chiriquí, David, Panama); Griffith, Edgardo (El Valle Amphibian Conservation Center Foundation, El Hato, El Valle de Antón, Coclé, Panama, El Valle Amphibian Conservation Center Foundation, El Valle de Antón, Panama; Universidad de Panamá); Vesely, Milan (Palacký University, Olomouc); Schmid, P. Lennart (Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz); Batista, Abel (Autonomous University of Chiriqui; Autonomous University of Chiriqui; Los Naturalistas, David, Chiriquí, 426–01459, Panama, Asociación ADOPTA el Bosque Panamá, Gamboa, Panama; Asociación ADOPTA el Bosque Panamá, 119x Gamboa, Panama, Museo Herpetológico de Chiriquí, David, Panama; City of Knowledge)
Abstract:

Substantial molecular and morphological character differences lead us to the description of a new species of the genus Pristimantis from the cloud forest of Cerro Chucantí, Maje Mountains, Darien Province, as well as from several other mountain ranges in eastern and central Panama. Pristimantisgretathunbergae sp. nov. is a sister species to the allopatric P.erythropleura-penelopus group from northern Colombia with a mtDNA sequence divergence of > 4.4% at 16S and > 14.6% at COI. Its closest congener in sympatry is P.cruentus that differs by a large sequence divergence of > 9.6% in 16S mtDNA and 19.0% at COI, and from which it differs also by ventral and groin coloration, unusually prominent black eyes, a contrasting light upper lip, commonly a single conical to spine-like tubercle on the upper eyelid, and a larger head. While the habitat continuity at most sites in eastern Panama is moderate, habitats in central Panama are severely fragmented. Cerro Chucantí and the surrounding Maje Mountains are highly threatened by rapid deforestation and replaced by plantations and cattle pastures. Thus, investigations on the ecology of the new species and its population status, especially at the type locality, are highly recommended. As a flagship species, this new frog can help to preserve the Chucantí cloud forest including several recently described species known only from this isolated area in eastern Panama.

Citas:2

AÑO:2022
Determination of Mycotoxin Contamination Levels in Rice and Dietary Exposure Assessment
DOI:10.1155/2022/3596768
Troestch, Jose (Autonomous University of Chiriqui); Reyes, Stephany (Autonomous University of Chiriqui); Vega, Aracelly (Autonomous University of Chiriqui)
Abstract:

The contamination by aflatoxins, ochratoxin A, and zearalenone of samples of paddy and polished rice stored in silos located in Chiriquí, Panama, was evaluated. A total of 23 samples were extracted using immunoaffinity columns and analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with a fluorescence detector (FLD) and post-column photochemical derivatization. For the method used, the detection limits were lower than 0.25 µg/Kg for aflatoxins (AFB1, AFB2, AFG1, AFG2) and ochratoxin A and 9.35 µg/Kg for zearalenone; the limits of quantification were between 0.25 and 18.75 µg/Kg, respectively. Of the samples analyzed, all of the paddy rice samples were positive for at least one of the mycotoxins studied, zearalenone being the one found with the highest incidence (90.91%); for the polished rice samples, the mycotoxin with the highest incidence was zearalenone (50%), although in concentrations lower than those established in European legislation (100 µg/Kg). The estimate of the daily zearalenone intake according to the concentrations found was always less than 0.07 µg/Kg/bw. This is the first report on the determination of 6 mycotoxins in rice grains from Panama by the HPLC-FLD methodology. Considering the high incidence of mycotoxins in the analyzed rice samples, regular control in the production process is recommended to improve quality and ascertain its safety.

Citas:5

AÑO:2022
Molecular-Based Diversity Studies and Field Surveys Are Not Mutually Exclusive: On the Importance of Integrated Methodologies in Mycological Research
DOI:10.3389/ffunb.2022.860777
Cazabonne, Jonathan (Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue); Bartrop, Lachlan (Helles Brisbane, QLD, Australia); Dierickx, Glen (Ghent University; Research Institute for Nature and Forest); Gafforov, Yusufjon (Academy of Sciences Republic of Uzbekistan; Institute of Microbiology; Goethe University Frankfurt); Hofmann, Tina A. (Autonomous University of Chiriqui); Martin, Thomas E. (Operation Wallacea); Piepenbring, Meike (Goethe University Frankfurt); Rivas-Ferreiro, Mauro (Universidade de Vigo); Haelewaters, Danny (Ghent University; Autonomous University of Chiriqui; Operation Wallacea; University of South Bohemia in Ceské Budejovice)
Abstract:

Understanding and describing the diversity of living organisms is a great challenge. Fungi have for a long time been, and unfortunately still are, underestimated when it comes to taxonomic research. The foundations were laid by the first mycologists through field observations. These important fundamental works have been and remain vital reference works. Nevertheless, a non-negligible part of the studied funga escaped their attention. Thanks to modern developments in molecular techniques, the study of fungal diversity has been revolutionized in terms of tools and knowledge. Despite a number of disadvantages inherent to these techniques, traditional field-based inventory work has been increasingly superseded and neglected. This perspective aims to demonstrate the central importance of field-based research in fungal diversity studies, and encourages researchers not to be blinded by the sole use of molecular methods.

Citas:15

AÑO:2022
Correction to: Large, old trees define the vertical, horizontal, and seasonal distributions of a poison frog
DOI:10.1007/s00442-022-05161-4
Basham, Edmund W. (University of Florida); González-Pinzón, Macario (Autonomous University of Chiriqui); Romero-Marcucci, Angel (Autonomous University of Chiriqui); Carl, Noah (Zoo Atlanta); Baecher, J. Alex (University of Florida); Scheffers, Brett R. (University of Florida; University of Florida)
Abstract:

nan

Citas:0

AÑO:2022
Large, old trees define the vertical, horizontal, and seasonal distributions of a poison frog
DOI:10.1007/s00442-022-05108-9
Basham, Edmund W. (University of Florida); González-Pinzón, Macario (Autonomous University of Chiriqui); Romero-Marcucci, Angel (Autonomous University of Chiriqui); Carl, Noah (Zoo Atlanta); Baecher, J. Alex (University of Florida); Scheffers, Brett R. (University of Florida; University of Florida)
Abstract:

In tropical forests, large, old trees (LOTs) can be considered keystone structures for provisioning unique habitats such as decaying wood, roots, cavities, and epiphytes, including those that hold water (phytotelmata). These habitats may also be stratified in vertical space, for example, root structures occur at ground level and below, whereas epiphytes occur above-ground. Canopy habitat is utilized by a diversity of amphibians, but canopy habitat may only be viable in the wet season when epiphytes and surfaces are sufficiently saturated. Here, we examine how the provisioning of microhabitats and structures by LOTs influence the horizontal, vertical, and seasonal distribution patterns of phytotelmata-breeding poison frogs. We conducted ground-to-canopy surveys over 4 years, constituting 6 seasons, in Panama and used mark-recapture techniques on a population of the yellow-bellied poison frog, Andinobates fulguritus. We found that A. fulguritus migrated vertically, tracking seasonal rainfall, and displayed strong philopatry to individual trees. Furthermore, A. fulguritus almost exclusively inhabited the largest trees at the study location, which provided disproportionately high-quality microhabitats and epiphytes compared to other trees. LOTs, and specifically Anacardium excelsum at our site, appear to serve as keystone structures with high conservation value due to their provisioning of unique habitats. We conclude that the distribution of A. fulguritus is defined vertically by the stratification of arboreal microhabitat resources, horizontally by the presence of LOTs providing the resources, and temporally by the seasonal viability of the resources.

Citas:2

AÑO:2022
Fungal diversity in the tropics: Entoloma spp. in Panama
DOI:10.1007/s11557-021-01752-2
Reschke, Kai (Goethe University Frankfurt); Noordeloos, Machiel E. (Naturalis Biodiversity Center); Manz, Cathrin (Goethe University Frankfurt); Hofmann, Tina A. (Autonomous University of Chiriqui); Rodríguez-Cedeño, José (Autonomous University of Chiriqui); Dima, Bálint (Eötvös Loránd University); Piepenbring, Meike (Goethe University Frankfurt)
Abstract:

Entoloma (Agaricales, Basidiomycota) is a species-rich genus with approximately 2000 species known worldwide. In Central America, however, information about the species of this genus is sparse, despite the generally high biodiversity in this region. Recently, 124 specimens of Entoloma were collected in Panama, Chiriquí Province. In the present publication, the morphology of 20 species represented by more than one specimen is described and depicted with photographs, line drawings, and scanning electron micrographs. Molecular phylograms based on ITS or concatenated ITS and partial nc LSU rDNA sequences are provided. The taxonomic status of these species is evaluated and 17 species of Entoloma are described as new to science. Only one species could be assigned to an already known species, viz. Entoloma belouvense. Nolanea albertinae, described from Brazil, appeared similar and is combined in E. belouvense on varietal level. The identifications of two further species are uncertain. At least 30 other species, including potentially new species, cannot formally be described due to insufficient material. A preliminary key to the species of the genus Entoloma in Panama is provided. The spatial shape of the polyhedroid basidiospores of Entoloma spp. is discussed based on literature and the micrographs generated for the present study. Our re-evaluations indicate that the type of polyhedroid basidiospore and the structure of its base are not reliable as diagnostic characters for the delimitation of subgenera in Entoloma.

Citas:8

AÑO:2022
Gibberellic Acid Production from Corn Cob Residues via Fermentation with Aspergillus niger
DOI:10.1155/2022/1112941
Monrroy, Mariel (Autonomous University of Chiriqui; Autonomous University of Chiriqui); García, José Renán (Autonomous University of Chiriqui; Autonomous University of Chiriqui)
Abstract:

Following numerous biotechnological innovations, a variety of agricultural by-products can now be employed as low-cost substrates for the production of secondary metabolites, such as antibiotics, phytohormones, biofuels, pesticides, and organic acids. As an example, gibberellin (GA) growth phytohormones can be obtained by such means, wherein gibberellic acid (GA3) is of great interest worldwide in the agricultural sector. The central aspect of this research therefore focused on the bioconversion of agricultural by-products, such as corn cob, to obtain GA3 phytohormone via solid-state fermentation (SSF) with Aspergillus niger. The chemical characterization of the obtained material showed that the corn cob possessed glucose, mannose, arabinose, and lignin contents of 34, 26, 8, and 16%, respectively. Our results also indicated an appreciable carbon content (47%), in addition to the mineral elements of nitrogen (4%), potassium (1.2%), iron (0.03%), sodium (0.01%), calcium (0.06%), and Al (0.02%). Following SSF for 11 d in the presence of A. niger at pH 5, 30°C, and 24% sample consistency, a GA3 production of >6.1 g·kg-1 was obtained. This value is higher than those previously reported for different by-products of the food industry, such as coffee husk, wheat bran, cassava, pea pods, and sorghum straw (i.e., 0.25–5.5 g·kg-1) following SSF. The production of GA3 from corn cob residues not only contributes to reducing the negative impact of agricultural by-products but also represents a new source of a key raw material for phytohormone production, thereby contributing to the development of processes to convert agricultural residues into biologically active compounds of commercial interest.

Citas:13

AÑO:2022
Agro-industrial waste improves the nutritional and antioxidant profile of Pleurotus djamor
DOI:10.1016/j.clwas.2022.100018
Vega, Aracelly (Autonomous University of Chiriqui); De León, Javier A. (Autonomous University of Chiriqui); Miranda, Stepfanie (Autonomous University of Chiriqui); Reyes, Stephany M. (Autonomous University of Chiriqui)
Abstract:

The effect of agro-industrial wastes (coffee pulp, rice straw, corncobs, and their mixtures) on the biological efficiency, nutritional composition, and antioxidant activity of Pleurotus djamor was evaluated. The biological efficiency was in a range of 8.26–95.95%. Coffee pulp mixed with other residues increases the biological efficiency of the mushroom. The content of protein, crude fat, fiber, carbohydrates, total polyphenols and antioxidant activity DPPH and ABTS were in the range of 21.61–27.09%, 0.77–2.26%, 13.32–19.40%, 41.45–51.06%, 1.74–3.03 mgGAE / g, 0.051–0.091mMTE / g and 0.067–0.133 mMTE / g respectively. An order of abundance was observed for macro-elements of Ca> P > K> Mg> Na and for microelements of Zn> Fe> Cu in the mushroom, similar order to that presented in the formulations where they were cultivated. It was found that the combinations of substrates improve the nutritional parameters of the mushroom, while the mineral content of the fruiting bodies was influenced by the mineral content of the substrate where they grow. The use of these residues allows obtaining a product with great nutritional and nutraceutical value through a simple, low-cost, and sustainable biotechnological process.

Citas:16

AÑO:2022
Elevational patterns in tropical bryophyte diversity differ among substrates: A case study on Baru volcano, Panama
DOI:10.1111/jvs.13136
Rodríguez-Quiel, Eyvar Elías (Autonomous University of Chiriqui; Philipps University of Marburg); Kluge, Jürgen (Philipps University of Marburg); Mendieta-Leiva, Glenda (Philipps University of Marburg); Bader, Maaike Y. (Philipps University of Marburg)
Abstract:

Abstract Questions Bryophytes attain their highest diversity in tropical mountain forests. Although distribution patterns have been described, little emphasis has been placed on comparing patterns among substrates (e.g., terrestrial, epiphytic). Understanding these patterns is important, because they determine not only the pool of genetic resources, but also the functioning of these forest ecosystems. Therefore, we studied how bryophyte species diversity changes with elevation, how elevational patterns differ between substrate types, and how elevational trends relate to environmental drivers. Location Baru volcano, Panama. Methods At each of eight elevations, between 1900 and 3300 m, bryophytes were collected in 600-cm 2 plots from six substrate types with four replicates. Species cover was registered as a measure of relative abundance. Species richness and community structure were determined and related to elevation, substrate types, and environmental drivers at three scales (plots, sets of four replicate plots per substrate per elevation, and all plots at each elevation). Results Bryophyte species richness decreased towards higher elevations, at all three scales and on all substrates except bryophytes on soil, for which, at the plot scale, richness peaked at higher elevations than on the other substrates. Relative humidity explained richness slightly better than elevation. Communities at the lowest elevations had the most uneven compositions, due to the presence of many small species with low abundance. Conclusions In studies on the spatial distribution of bryophyte diversity, it is essential to consider different substrates and spatial scales separately. If substrates differ in their elevational species richness patterns, climate and land-use change may affect bryophyte diversity patterns not only directly, but also indirectly via changes in substrate availability. Therefore, a better understanding of the spatial variation in bryophyte diversity in mountains is essential to elucidate the effects of environmental change on this important group of plants and their implications for ecosystem functioning.

Citas:5

AÑO:2022
Criteria of Formality and Structural Elements of Research Proposals
DOI:10.1155/2022/9447931
Monrroy, Mariel (Autonomous University of Chiriqui; Autonomous University of Chiriqui); Franco, Heriberto (Autonomous University of Chiriqui); García, José Renán (Autonomous University of Chiriqui; Autonomous University of Chiriqui)
Abstract:

The preparation of research proposals is a challenge faced by anyone who wants to contribute to scientific research, since the specific requirements of different fields of study often cause technical or management aspects of research, such as obtaining funds to carry out research efforts, to be intermingled. The basis of a research proposal is the presentation and substantiation of the necessity of studying a particular problem, as well as the practical manner in which the study will be conducted. The objective of this article is to document the main attributes of each part of a research proposal. Therefore, we present a condensed and practical approach so that a research proposal can be consolidated in a document that enables the evaluation of the validity and usefulness of the planned study. Subsequently, the detailed and appropriately organized proposal will help the researcher in the development and execution of the study. This article has important implications for the development of well-structured and well-organized research proposals, which can, in turn, initiate high-quality scientific research efforts across all disciplines of science education.

Citas:1

AÑO:2022
Acianthera hagsateri (Pleurothallidinae), a new species from the sub-andean forest of Colombia
DOI:10.15517/lank.v22i1.50813
Pérez-Escobar, Oscar Alejandro (Royal Botanic Gardens); Oses, Lizbeth M. (University of Costa Rica); Solano, Rodolfo (Instituto Politécnico Nacional); Rodríguez, Lizeth Katherine (National University of Colombia); Zuluaga, Alejandro (University of Valle); Bogarín, Diego (University of Costa Rica; Autonomous University of Chiriqui; Naturalis Biodiversity Center)
Abstract:

A new species of Acianthera from the relict cloud forests of Valle del Cauca, Colombia is described and illustrated. This new species, Acianthera hagsateri, morphologically resembles A. geminicaulina, A. decurrens, and A. erythrogramma, but differs from them by its shorter plants and stems, the elliptic and obtuse smaller leaves, the racemose, 1–3 flowered raceme, and the obovate, entire lip, with a pair of smooth calli reaching the apical half. Illustration, distribution map, eponymy, notes on ecology, pictures for this new species are included, and a comparison table with morphologically similar species.

Citas:2

AÑO:2022
New national and regional bryophyte records, 71
DOI:10.1080/03736687.2022.2143223
Ellis, L. T. (Natural History Museum); Arrocha, C. (Autonomous University of Chiriqui); Benítez, Á. (Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja); Beyrouthy, M. (Holy Spirit University of Kaslik); Chandini, V. K (University of Calicut); Czernyadjeva, I. V. (Botanical Institute VL Komarova); Deme, J. (University of Pecs); Erzberger, P. (Berlin, Germany); Fedosov, V. E. (Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences); Górski, P. (University of Life Sciences in Poznan); Guerra, J. (University of Murcia); Hugonnot, V. (Bourg, 43 380, Blassac, France); Lautenschläger, T. (TU Dresden); Lee, G. E. (Universiti Malaysia Terengganu; Universiti Malaysia Terengganu); Mair, P. (Naturmuseum Südtirol); Mamontov, Yu. S. (Tsytsin Main Moscow Botanical Garden of Academy of Sciences; Kola Science Centre); Manju, C. N (University of Calicut); Manjula, K. M (Department of Botany, MarThoma College, Chungathara P.O., Malappuram, India); Mesterházy, A. (Centre for Ecological Research); Mufeed, B (University of Calicut); Müller, F. (TU Dresden); Neinhuis, C. (TU Dresden); Németh, Cs. (Institute of Ecology and Botany); Paul, R. R. (National Botanical Research Institute); Pócs, T. (Institute of Ecology and Botany); Porley, R. D. (Cera dos Pomares, Aljezur, Portugal); Rajesh, K. P. (University of Calicut); Fard, F. Raouf (Shiraz University); Rawat, K. K. (National Botanical Research Institute); Rodríguez-Quiel, E. (Autonomous University of Chiriqui); Schäfer-Verwimp, A. (Mittlere Letten 11, 88634, Herdwangen-Schönach, Germany); ?tefanut, S. (Romanian Academy); Tratter, W. (Alpreid 77, I-39010, St. Pankraz, Italy); Verwimp, I. (Mittlere Letten 11, 88634, Herdwangen-Schönach, Germany); Vilnet, A. A. (Kola Science Centre); Wolf, I. M. (Kaposvár, Hungary); Zander, R. H. (Missouri Botanical Garden)
Abstract:

nan

Citas:8

AÑO:2022
New national and regional bryophyte records, 70
DOI:10.1080/03736687.2022.2095145
Ellis, L. T. (Natural History Museum); Afonina, O. M. (Botanical Institute VL Komarova); Alia, M. H. B. (Université d'Abomey-Calavi); Burghardt, M. (Universidad de Las Américas); Cabezudo, B. (University of Malaga); Cano, M. J. (University of Murcia); Cottet, A. C. (National Scientific and Technical Research Council); Csiky, J. (University of Pecs); Deme, J. (University of Pecs); Erzberger, P. (Berlin, Germany); Evangelista, M. (State University of Feira de Santana); Glazkova, E. A. (Botanical Institute VL Komarova); Gómez-González, D. (Autonomous University of Chiriqui; Vicerrectoría de Investigación y Posgrado, Puebla, Mexico); Guerra, J. (University of Murcia); Jiménez, J. A. (University of Murcia); Kuzmina, E. Yu. (Botanical Institute VL Komarova); Liksakova, N. S. (Botanical Institute VL Komarova); Messuti, M. I. (National Scientific and Technical Research Council); Natcheva, R. (Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research); Norhazrina, N. (National University of Malaysia); Pantovic, J. P. (University of Belgrade); Papp, B. (Hungarian Natural History Museum); Potemkin, A. D. (Botanical Institute VL Komarova); Rodríguez-Quiel, E. (Autonomous University of Chiriqui); Sabovljevic, M. S. (Pavol Jozef Šafárik University; University of Belgrade); Spitale, D. (Museo delle Scienze); ?tefanut, S. (Romanian Academy); Syazwana, N. (National University of Malaysia); Tossou, M. G. (Université d'Abomey-Calavi); Vilnet, A. A. (Kola Science Centre)
Abstract:

nan

Citas:4

AÑO:2021
¿Arquitectura, parte integral de las Ciencias sociales?
DOI:10.5377/nexo.v34i05.13111
Álvarez, Fabian E. Báez (La Gran Colombia University); del C. González Rivera, Katherine (Autonomous University of Chiriqui)
Abstract:

The identification of architecture as a profession has always generated educational dichotomies since this profession has been considered as part of the fine arts, however, its organizing nature of space, makes it concentrate on that edifying and / or constructive work, overturning it towards another classification within the field of education where it is incorporated as engineering, industry, technology and construction; However, an intervention of "being for being" is always identified, placing it not only within the spatial context, but also within the environmental and social comfort, since it is in the latter where the architect's work moves, where many times it is it requires this science to analyze, identify, characterize and even quantify the user, from his human behavior as an individual and as a group. That is why the title of this article was born from there in the form of a question: Architecture, an integral part of the social sciences? This topic will be raised critically and dialectically, generating an excellent approach and understanding this great profession.

Citas:1

AÑO:2021
High sensitivity of invertebrate detritivores from tropical streams to different pesticides
DOI:10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112226
Cornejo, Aydeé (Instituto Conmemorativo Gorgas de Estudios de la Salud); Encina-Montoya, Francisco (Temuco Catholic University); Correa-Araneda, Francisco (Universidad Autónoma de Chile); Rovira, Dalys (Autonomous University of Chiriqui); García, Gabriela (Instituto Conmemorativo Gorgas de Estudios de la Salud); Nieto, Carlos (Instituto Conmemorativo Gorgas de Estudios de la Salud); Villarreal, Víctor (Autonomous University of Chiriqui); Jaramillo, Nicomedes (Autonomous University of Chiriqui); Pérez, Edgar (Instituto Conmemorativo Gorgas de Estudios de la Salud); Valderrama, Anayansi (Instituto Conmemorativo Gorgas de Estudios de la Salud); Pérez, Javier (University of the Basque Country); Boyero, Luz (University of the Basque Country; Ikerbasque)
Abstract:

Freshwater organisms are often sensitive to pesticides, but their sensitivity varies across different taxa and with pesticide type and action mode, as shown by multiple acute toxicity tests. Such variability hampers predictions about how freshwater ecosystems may be altered by pesticide toxicity, which is especially critical for understudied areas of the world such as the tropics. Furthermore, there is little information about the sensitivity of some organisms that are key components of stream food webs; this is the case of litter-feeding detritivorous invertebrates, which contribute to the fundamental process of litter decomposition. Here, we examined the sensitivity of three common detritivores [Anchytarsus sp. (Coleoptera: Ptilodactylidae), Hyalella sp. (Amphipoda: Hyalellidae) and Lepidostoma sp. (Trichoptera: Lepidostomatidae)] to three pesticides commonly used (the insecticides bifenthrin and chlorpyrifos and the fungicide chlorothalonil) using acute (48 or 96 h) toxicity tests. Our study demonstrates that common-use pesticides provoke the mortality of half their populations at concentrations of 0.04-2.7 µg L-1. We found that all species were sensitive to the three pesticides, with the highest sensitivity found for chlorpyrifos. Additionally, we used the approach of species sensitivity distributions (SSD) to compare our study species with Daphnia magna and other temperate and tropical invertebrates. We found that the study species were among the most sensitive species to chlorpyrifos and chlorothalonil. Our results suggest that tropical detritivores merit special attention in ecological risk assessment of pesticides and highlight the need for accurate ecotoxicological information from ecologically relevant species in the tropics.

Citas:6

AÑO:2021
A new species of Atelopus (Amphibia: Bufonidae) from eastern Panama
DOI:10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2020.319
Veselý, Milan (Palacký University, Olomouc); Batista, Abel (Autonomous University of Chiriqui; Asociación ADOPTA el Bosque Panamá, Gamboa 119x, Panamá; Fundación Los Naturalistas, David, Chiriquí 426-01459, Panamá)
Abstract:

A new species of the genus Atelopus, Atelopus fronterizo sp. nov., from eastern Panama is described herein based on molecular, morphological, and bioacoustic evidence. The new species can be distinguished from its congeners occurring in the region by a combination of the following characters: (1) phalangeal reduction in thumb; (2) SVL (females only) (35.1-50.1; n=13), HW/SVL (0.23-0.34; n=59), EYND/HW (0.27-0.39; n=60), TIBL/SVL (0.41-0.56; n=58), and HAL/SVL (0.22-0.28; n=49); (3) dorsal color pattern with green or yellow background and extensive dark olive blotches forming transversal bands or mottling; (4) advertisement call duration 176-235 ms with 19-34 pulses, average pulse rate 131.69 pulses/s, and dominant frequency 2 422.50-2 606.50 Hz. The new species is nested within the Central American clade of Atelopus. The minimum Kimura-2-parameter (K2P) genetic divergence between Atelopus fronterizo sp. nov. and its most phylogenetically similar congeners ( A. certus and A. glyphus) is >2.6% for 16S and >4.9% for COI (Table 1). The phylogenetic relationship is strongly supported by ultrafast bootstrap values for the maximum-likelihood trees of both genetic markers (16S, 96; COI, 100, Figure 1A). Bayesian analysis of the concatenated sequences resulted in a tree with similar topology and high posterior probability support (0.99; Supplementary Figure S1). In addition, haplotype networks inferred from COI and 16S (Supplementary Figure S2) showed a well-separated clade containing the new species (two for COI, four for 16S). The number of mutational steps between haplotypes for the new species samples is very low (1-4 in 16S; one in COI), and the minimum number of mutational steps from the nearest species is nine for 16S (distance to A. certus) and 28 for COI (distance to A. glyphus).

Citas:5

AÑO:2021
Impacts of detritivore diversity loss on instream decomposition are greatest in the tropics
DOI:10.1038/s41467-021-23930-2
Boyero, Luz (University of the Basque Country; Ikerbasque); López-Rojo, Naiara (University of the Basque Country); Tonin, Alan M. (University of Brasília); Pérez, Javier (University of the Basque Country); Correa-Araneda, Francisco (Universidad Autónoma de Chile); Pearson, Richard G. (James Cook University; James Cook University); Bosch, Jaime (University of Oviedo; Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales); Albariño, Ricardo J. (National University of Comahue); Anbalagan, Sankarappan (University of Kerala); Barmuta, Leon A. (University of Tasmania); Basaguren, Ana (University of the Basque Country); Burdon, Francis J. (Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences); Caliman, Adriano (Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte); Callisto, Marcos (Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais); Calor, Adolfo R. (Federal University of Bahia); Campbell, Ian C. (Rhithroecology Pty Ltd., Blackburn, VIC, Australia); Cardinale, Bradley J. (Pennsylvania State University); Jesús Casas, J. (University of Almería); Chará-Serna, Ana M. (Centro para la Investigación en Sistemas Sostenibles de Producción Agropecuaria; University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign); Chauvet, Eric (Laboratoire Écologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement); Ciapala, Szymon (Faculty of Tourism and Leisure, University of Physical Education, Kraków, Poland); Colón-Gaud, Checo (Georgia Southern University); Cornejo, Aydeé (Instituto Conmemorativo Gorgas de Estudios de la Salud); Davis, Aaron M. (James Cook University); Degebrodt, Monika (Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries); Dias, Emerson S. (Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte); Díaz, María E. (Temuco Catholic University; University of Concepción); Douglas, Michael M. (University of Western Australia); Encalada, Andrea C. (Universidad San Francisco de Quito; University of Coimbra); Figueroa, Ricardo (University of Concepción); Flecker, Alexander S. (Cornell University); Fleituch, Tadeusz (Institute of Nature Conservation); García, Erica A. (Charles Darwin University); García, Gabriela (Autonomous University of Chiriqui); García, Pavel E. (University of San Carlos of Guatemala; University of Montana); Gessner, Mark O. (Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries; Technical University of Berlin); Gómez, Jesús E. (University of Puerto Rico System); Gómez, Sergio (Cornell University); Gonçalves, Jose F. (University of Brasília); Graça, Manuel A. S. (University of Coimbra); Gwinn, Daniel C. (Biometric Research, South Fremantle, WA, Australia); Hall, Robert O. (University of Montana); Hamada, Neusa (National Institute of Amazonian Research); Hui, Cang (Stellenbosch University; African Institute for Mathematical Sciences); Imazawa, Daichi (University of Yamanashi); Iwata, Tomoya (University of Yamanashi); Kariuki, Samuel K. (Egerton University); Landeira-Dabarca, Andrea (Universidad San Francisco de Quito; Biometric Research, South Fremantle, WA, Australia); Laymon, Kelsey (Georgia Southern University); Leal, María (University of Zulia); Marchant, Richard (Museums Victoria); Martins, Renato T. (National Institute of Amazonian Research); Masese, Frank O. (University of Eldoret); Maul, Megan (Oakland University); McKie, Brendan G. (Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences); Medeiros, Adriana O. (Federal University of Bahia); Erimba, Charles M. M’ (Egerton University); Middleton, Jen A. (University of Western Australia); Monroy, Silvia (University of the Basque Country); Muotka, Timo (National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and Environment); Negishi, Junjiro N. (Hokkaido University); Ramírez, Alonso (North Carolina State University); Richardson, John S. (University of British Columbia); Rincón, José (University of Zulia); Rubio-Ríos, Juan (University of Almería); dos Santos, Gisele M. (Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais; Universidade Federal de Goiás); Sarremejane, Romain (National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and Environment); Sheldon, Fran (Griffith University); Sitati, Augustine (University of Eldoret); Tenkiano, Nathalie S. D. (Julius Nyerere University of Kankan); Tiegs, Scott D. (Oakland University); Tolod, Janine R. (Hokkaido University); Venarsky, Michael (Griffith University); Watson, Anne (University of Tasmania); Yule, Catherine M. (University of the Sunshine Coast)
Abstract:

The relationship between detritivore diversity and decomposition can provide information on how biogeochemical cycles are affected by ongoing rates of extinction, but such evidence has come mostly from local studies and microcosm experiments. We conducted a globally distributed experiment (38 streams across 23 countries in 6 continents) using standardised methods to test the hypothesis that detritivore diversity enhances litter decomposition in streams, to establish the role of other characteristics of detritivore assemblages (abundance, biomass and body size), and to determine how patterns vary across realms, biomes and climates. We observed a positive relationship between diversity and decomposition, strongest in tropical areas, and a key role of abundance and biomass at higher latitudes. Our results suggest that litter decomposition might be altered by detritivore extinctions, particularly in tropical areas, where detritivore diversity is already relatively low and some environmental stressors particularly prevalent.

Citas:59

AÑO:2021
Latitude dictates plant diversity effects on instream decomposition
DOI:10.1126/sciadv.abe7860
Boyero, Luz (University of the Basque Country; Ikerbasque); Pérez, Javier (University of the Basque Country); López-Rojo, Naiara (University of the Basque Country); Tonin, Alan M. (University of Brasília); Correa-Araneda, Francisco (Universidad Autónoma de Chile); Pearson, Richard G. (James Cook University; James Cook University); Bosch, Jaime (University of Oviedo; Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales); Albariño, Ricardo J. (National University of Comahue); Anbalagan, Sankarappan (Department of Zoology, Government of Arts College of Melur, Madurai, TN, India.); Barmuta, Leon A. (University of Tasmania); Beesley, Leah (University of Western Australia); Burdon, Francis J. (Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences); Caliman, Adriano (Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte); Callisto, Marcos (Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais); Campbell, Ian C. (Rhithroecology Pty Ltd., VIC, Australia.); Cardinale, Bradley J. (Pennsylvania State University); Casas, J. Jesús (University of Almería); Chará-Serna, Ana M. (Centro para la Investigación en Sistemas Sostenibles de Producción Agropecuaria; University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign); Ciapala, Szymon (Faculty of Tourism and Leisure, University of Physical Education, Kraków, Poland.); Chauvet, Eric (Laboratoire Écologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement); Colón-Gaud, Checo (Georgia Southern University); Cornejo, Aydeé (Instituto Conmemorativo Gorgas de Estudios de la Salud); Davis, Aaron M. (James Cook University); Degebrodt, Monika (Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries); Dias, Emerson S. (Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte); Díaz, María E. (Temuco Catholic University); Douglas, Michael M. (University of Western Australia); Elosegi, Arturo (University of the Basque Country); Encalada, Andrea C. (Universidad San Francisco de Quito); de Eyto, Elvira (Marine Institute); Figueroa, Ricardo (University of Concepción); Flecker, Alexander S. (Cornell University); Fleituch, Tadeusz (Institute of Nature Conservation); Frainer, André (Norwegian Institute for Nature Research; UiT The Arctic University of Norway); França, Juliana S. (Programa de Capacitação Institucional (PCI/INMA), National Institute of the Atlantic Forest, Santa Teresa, Espírito Santo, Brazil.); García, Erica A. (Charles Darwin University); García, Gabriela (Autonomous University of Chiriqui); García, Pavel (University of San Carlos of Guatemala; University of Montana); Gessner, Mark O. (Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries; Technical University of Berlin); Giller, Paul S. (University College Cork); Gómez, Jesús E. (University of Puerto Rico System); Gómez, Sergio (Cornell University); Gonçalves, Jose F. (University of Brasília); Graça, Manuel A. S. (University of Coimbra); Hall, Robert O. (University of Montana); Hamada, Neusa (National Institute of Amazonian Research); Hepp, Luiz U. (Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campus Três Lagoas, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil.); Hui, Cang (Stellenbosch University; African Institute for Mathematical Sciences); Imazawa, Daichi (University of Yamanashi); Iwata, Tomoya (University of Yamanashi); A., Edson S. (Federal University of Bahia); Kariuki, Samuel (Egerton University); Landeira-Dabarca, Andrea (University of Coimbra; Universidad San Francisco de Quito); Leal, María (University of Zulia); Lehosmaa, Kaisa (University of Oulu); M’Erimba, Charles (Egerton University); Marchant, Richard (Museums Victoria); Martins, Renato T. (National Institute of Amazonian Research); Masese, Frank O. (University of Eldoret); Camden, Megan (Oakland University); McKie, Brendan G. (Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences); Medeiros, Adriana O. (Federal University of Bahia); Middleton, Jen A. (University of Western Australia); Muotka, Timo (University of Oulu); Negishi, Junjiro N. (Hokkaido University); Pozo, Jesús (University of the Basque Country); Ramírez, Alonso (North Carolina State University); Rezende, Renan S. (Program of Postgraduate in Environmental Science, Communitarian University of Chapecó Region, Santa Catarina, Brazil.); Richardson, John S. (University of British Columbia); Rincón, José (University of Zulia); Rubio-Ríos, Juan (University of Almería); Serrano, Claudia (Marine Institute); Shaffer, Angela R. (Georgia Southern University); Sheldon, Fran (Griffith University); Swan, Christopher M. (University of Maryland, Baltimore); Tenkiano, Nathalie S. D. (Julius Nyerere University of Kankan); Tiegs, Scott D. (Oakland University); Tolod, Janine R. (Hokkaido University); Vernasky, Michael (Griffith University); Watson, Anne (University of Tasmania); Yegon, Mourine J. (University of Eldoret); Yule, Catherine M. (University of the Sunshine Coast)
Abstract:

Running waters contribute substantially to global carbon fluxes through decomposition of terrestrial plant litter by aquatic microorganisms and detritivores. Diversity of this litter may influence instream decomposition globally in ways that are not yet understood. We investigated latitudinal differences in decomposition of litter mixtures of low and high functional diversity in 40 streams on 6 continents and spanning 113° of latitude. Despite important variability in our dataset, we found latitudinal differences in the effect of litter functional diversity on decomposition, which we explained as evolutionary adaptations of litter-consuming detritivores to resource availability. Specifically, a balanced diet effect appears to operate at lower latitudes versus a resource concentration effect at higher latitudes. The latitudinal pattern indicates that loss of plant functional diversity will have different consequences on carbon fluxes across the globe, with greater repercussions likely at low latitudes.

Citas:52

AÑO:2021
Synergism of in vitro plasmodicidal activity of phospholipase A2 isoforms isolated from panamanian Bothrops asper venom
DOI:10.1016/j.cbi.2021.109581
Simões-Silva, Rodrigo (Oswaldo Cruz Foundation; Centro de Estudos de Biomoléculas Aplicadas à Saúde, CEBio, Laboratório de Biotecnologia de Proteínas e Compostos Bioativos da Amazônia Ocidental, LaBioProt, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Unidade Rondônia, Porto Velho, RO, Brazil; Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia de Rondônia, IFRO, Campus Vilhena, Vilhena, RO, Brazil.); Alfonso, Jorge Javier (Oswaldo Cruz Foundation; Centro de Estudos de Biomoléculas Aplicadas à Saúde, CEBio, Laboratório de Biotecnologia de Proteínas e Compostos Bioativos da Amazônia Ocidental, LaBioProt, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Unidade Rondônia, Porto Velho, RO, Brazil; Centro Para el Desarrollo de la Investigación Científica (CEDIC), Asunción, Paraguay.); Gómez, Ana F (Oswaldo Cruz Foundation; Centro de Estudos de Biomoléculas Aplicadas à Saúde, CEBio, Laboratório de Biotecnologia de Proteínas e Compostos Bioativos da Amazônia Ocidental, LaBioProt, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Unidade Rondônia, Porto Velho, RO, Brazil; Centro Para el Desarrollo de la Investigación Científica (CEDIC), Asunción, Paraguay.); Sobrinho, Juliana C (Oswaldo Cruz Foundation); Kayano, Anderson M (Oswaldo Cruz Foundation; Centro de Estudos de Biomoléculas Aplicadas à Saúde, CEBio, Laboratório de Biotecnologia de Proteínas e Compostos Bioativos da Amazônia Ocidental, LaBioProt, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Unidade Rondônia, Porto Velho, RO, Brazil; Centro de Pesquisa em Medicina Tropical, CEPEM-SESAU/RO, Porto Velho, RO, Brazil.); de Medeiros, Daniel S S (Oswaldo Cruz Foundation; Federal University of Rondônia); Teles, Carolina B G (Oswaldo Cruz Foundation; Federal University of Rondônia; Plataforma de Bioensaios em Malária e Leishmanioses, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Unidade Rondônia, Porto Velho, RO, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia Experimental, Universidade Federal de Rondônia, Porto Velho, RO, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Epidemiologia da Amazônia Ocidental (INCT-EpiAmO), Brazil.); Quintero, Aristides (Autonomous University of Chiriqui); Fuly, André L (Fluminense Federal University); Gómez, Celeste Vega (Centro Para el Desarrollo de la Investigación Científica (CEDIC), Asunción, Paraguay.); Pereira, Soraya S (Oswaldo Cruz Foundation); da Silva, Saulo L (University of Cuenca; University of Porto); Stábeli, Rodrigo G (Oswaldo Cruz Foundation); Soares, Andreimar M (Oswaldo Cruz Foundation; Federal University of Rondônia; Centro de Estudos de Biomoléculas Aplicadas à Saúde, CEBio, Laboratório de Biotecnologia de Proteínas e Compostos Bioativos da Amazônia Ocidental, LaBioProt, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Unidade Rondônia, Porto Velho, RO, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia Experimental, Universidade Federal de Rondônia, Porto Velho, RO, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Epidemiologia da Amazônia Ocidental (INCT-EpiAmO), Brazil; Centro Universitário São Lucas, UniSL, Porto Velho, RO, Brazil. Electronic address: andreimar.soares@fiocruz.br.; Centro Universitário São Lucas)
Abstract:

Bothrops asper is one of the most important snake species in Central America, mainly because of its medical importance in countries like Ecuador, Panama and Costa Rica, where this species causes a high number of snakebite accidents. Several basic phospholipases A2 (PLA2s) have been previously characterized from B. asper venom, but few studies have been carried out with its acidic isoforms. In addition, since snake venom is a rich source of bioactive substances, it is necessary to investigate the biotechnological potential of its components. In this context, this study aimed to carry out the biochemical characterization of PLA2 isoforms isolated from B. asper venom and to evaluate the antiparasitic potential of these toxins. The venom and key fractions were subjected to different chromatographic steps, obtaining nine PLA2s, four acidic ones (BaspAc-I, BaspAc-II, BaspAc-III and BaspAc-IV) and five basic ones (BaspB-I, BaspB-II, BaspB-III, BaspB-IV and BaspB-V). The isoelectric points of the acidic PLA2s were also determined, which presented values ranging between 4.5 and 5. The findings indicated the isolation of five unpublished isoforms, four Asp49-PLA, corresponding to the group of acidic isoforms, and one Lys49-PLA2-like. Acidic PLA2s catalyzed the degradation of all substrates evaluated; however, for the basic PLA2s, there was a preference for phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidic acid. The antiparasitic potential of the toxins was evaluated, and the acidic PLA2s demonstrated action against the epimastigote forms of T. cruzi and promastigote forms of L. infantum, while the basic PLA2s BaspB-II and BaspB-IV showed activity against P. falciparum. The results indicated an increase of up to 10 times in antiplasmodial activity, when the Asp49-PLA2 and Lys49-PLA2 were associated with one another, denoting synergistic action between these PLA2 isoforms. These findings correspond to the first report of synergistic antiplasmodial action for svPLA2s, demonstrating that these molecules may be important targets in the search for new antiparasitic agents.

Citas:9

AÑO:2021
Four new species of Russula subsection Roseinae from tropical montane forests in western Panama
DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0257616
Manz, Cathrin (Goethe University Frankfurt); Adamcík, Slavomír (Slovak Academy of Sciences); Looney, Brian P. (Clark University); Corrales, Adriana (Universidad del Rosario); Ovrebo, Clark (University of Central Oklahoma); Adamcíková, Katarína (Institute of Forest Ecology); Hofmann, Tina A. (Autonomous University of Chiriqui); Hampe, Felix (Wetzlarer Str. 1, Butzbach, Germany); Piepenbring, Meike (Goethe University Frankfurt)
Abstract:

Species of the genus Russula are key components of ectomycorrhizal ecosystems worldwide. Nevertheless, their diversity in the tropics is still poorly known. This study aims to contribute to the knowledge of the diversity of Russula species classified in subsection Roseinae based on specimens recently collected in tropical montane rainforests in western Panama. A five gene multilocus phylogeny based on the nuclear markers ITS nrDNA, MCM7, RPB1, RPB2 and TEF-1a was constructed to identify the systematic position of 22 collections from Panama. Four new species, Russula cornicolor, Russula cynorhodon, Russula oreomunneae and Russula zephyrovelutipes are formally described and illustrated. None of the four species are sister species and they are more closely related to North American or Asian species. Two of the newly described species were associated with the ectomycorrhizal tree species Oreomunnea mexicana, while the other two species were associated with Quercus species. All four species are so far only known from mountains in western Panama.

Citas:7

AÑO:2021
Ten simple rules for Global North researchers to stop perpetuating helicopter research in the Global South
DOI:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1009277
Haelewaters, Danny (Ghent University; University of South Bohemia in Ceské Budejovice; Autonomous University of Chiriqui); Hofmann, Tina A. (Autonomous University of Chiriqui); Romero-Olivares, Adriana L. (New Mexico State University)
Abstract:

nan

Citas:180

AÑO:2021
Evaluation of the Leaf Extracts of Kalanchoe pinnata and Kalanchoe daigremontiana Chemistry, Antioxidant and Anti-inflammatory Activity
DOI:10.9734/ejmp/2021/v32i530392
Quintero, Edmond J. (Autonomous University of Chiriqui); De León, Estela Guerrero (Universidad de Panamá; Centro de Investigaciones Psicofarmacológicas (CIPFAR), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Panamá, Ciudad de Panamá, Panamá and Sistema Nacional de Investigación (SNI), Panamá); Morán-Pinzón, Juan (Universidad de Panamá); Mero, Aldahir (Universidad de Panamá); León, Edwin (University of Costa Rica); Cano, Laura P. Patiño (Autonomous University of Chiriqui)
Abstract:

The aim of this study was to analyze the chemical components and evaluate the biological activity of the extracts from the leaves Kalanchoe pinnata and Kalanchoe daigremontiana, which are cultivated in the province of Chiriqui, Republic of Panama. Phytochemicals components, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities were studied. The composition of the obtained petroleum ether, ethanol and aqueous extracts was analyzed by phytochemical screening. The antioxidant activity of the extracts was studied using three in vitro model systems (DPPH radical scavenging assay, nitric oxide radical scavenging assay, and superoxide radical scavenging activity). The anti-inflammatory activity of these species was studied using an in vivo model (?-carrageenan-induced paw edema in rats). Phytochemical analysis of the extracts showed the presence of alkaloids, steroids, triterpenes, flavonoids, phenolic compounds, saponins and glycosides. The greatest radical inhibitory effect was observed in the DPPH model where the ethanolic extracts of both species developed a concentration-dependent inhibitory effect, the K. pinnata extract reached a maximum inhibitory effect of 49.5 ± 5.6% (2000

Citas:7

AÑO:2021
Laboulbeniomycetes, Enigmatic Fungi With a Turbulent Taxonomic History ?
DOI:10.1016/b978-0-12-819990-9.00049-4
Haelewaters, Danny (Purdue University West Lafayette; Ghent University; Autonomous University of Chiriqui; University of South Bohemia in Ceské Budejovice); Gorczak, Michal (University of Warsaw); Kaishian, Patricia (Purdue University West Lafayette; State University of New York, Syracuse, NY, United States); De Kesel, André (Meise Botanic Garden); Blackwell, Meredith (Louisiana State University; University of South Carolina)
Abstract:

Phylogenetic studies of Laboulbeniomycetes support recognition of three orders (Herpomycetales, Laboulbeniales, Pyxidiophorales) and two unnamed clades containing conidial, arthropod-associated fungi and a poorly known perithecial genus, Subbaromyces. Herpomycetales and Laboulbeniales include obligate arthropod-associated biotrophs characterized by a parenchymatous thallus of several thousand cells. Pyxidiophorales are hyphal mycoparasites with an unusual three-morph life cycle. The two-celled ascospore with a distinctive apparatus for attachment to arthropods ties together all Laboulbeniomycetes. The complex morphologies and life histories of these fungi are described as a background for research directions that will rely heavily on molecular methods, including phylogenomics, with emphasis on host–parasite relations.

Citas:13

AÑO:2021
Vascular Epiphyte Assemblages on Isolated Trees along an Elevational Gradient in Southwest Panama
DOI:10.3390/d13020049
Quiel, Calixto Rodríguez (Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg; Autonomous University of Chiriqui); Zotz, Gerhard (Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg; Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute)
Abstract:

Ongoing destruction of tropical forests makes isolated pasture trees potentially important for the persistence of original forest dwellers such as many vascular epiphytes. We studied epiphyte assemblages on 100 isolated trees at ten pasture sites in southwest Panama along an elevational gradient ranging from 140 to 1240 m a.s.l. We analysed epiphyte species composition (richness, similarity) and registered climate and host trait variables of potential influence on their occurrence. We found a total of 5876 epiphyte individuals belonging to 148 species. Epiphyte abundance, species richness and diversity all varied about 4-fold among the 10 sites, with a high similarity of epiphyte assemblages among sites. Two sites at 870 and 1050 m a.s.l. did not fit into the overall elevational trend of increased abundance, species richness and diversity. However, all three measures were significantly correlated with humidity as the independent variable. This highlights that a gradient in humidity, and not elevation as such, is responsible for the typical elevational changes in epiphyte assemblages, so that special local conditions may lead to deviations from expected patterns. Our documentation of current elevational diversity patterns also provides a baseline for the study of long-term changes in epiphyte assemblages in anthropogenically modified landscapes.

Citas:6

AÑO:2021
Influence of irradiance on the growth and biochemical composition of Nitzschia aff. pellucida
DOI:10.1007/s10811-021-02605-x
Lisondro, Isaac (Autonomous University of Chiriqui; Autonomous University of Chiriqui); Gómez Serrano, Cintia (University of Almería); Sepúlveda, Claudia (University of Antofagasta); Batista Ceballos, Ariadna Indira (Autonomous University of Chiriqui; Autonomous University of Chiriqui); Acién Fernández, Francisco Gabriel (University of Almería)
Abstract:

In this paper the influence of irradiance and the operation modes on biomass production and biochemical composition, especially the fatty acid profile, on the diatom Nitzschia aff. pellucida was studied. Experiments were carried out under laboratory conditions, but simulating those outdoors, at irradiances ranging from 100 to 1000 µmol photons m-2 s-1, both in batch and semi-continuous mode. The data show that the growth rate increased with irradiance, following a hyperbolic relationship with the average irradiance (Eav). However, at irradiances higher than 450 µmol photons m-2 s-1, photo-inhibition was observed, with Fv/Fm values notably decreasing at irradiances above 1000 µmol photons m-2 s-1. To take account of this phenomenon, a growth model is proposed that considers the saturation constant modification (Ek) as a function of available irradiance. The data indicate that N. aff. pellucida is better adapted to low irradiances, below 300 µmol photons m-2 s-1. Regarding the biochemical composition, the highest content of lipids (~ 20%) and carbohydrates (~ 40%) was achieved at high irradiances (= 450 µmol photons m-2 s-1), while the highest protein content (> 8%) was found at low irradiances (= 200 µmol photons m-2 s-1). Elevated amounts of saturated fatty acids (SFA) (> 60%) were measured at high irradiances, while the highest content of unsaturated fatty acids (USFA) (> 35%) was found at low irradiances. Eicosapentaenoic acid (C20:5 n-3) (EPA) and arachidonic acid (C20:4 n-6) (ARA) were only detected at 200 µmol m-2 s-1 but not at higher irradiances. The results confirm the effects of irradiance and the cultivation mode on the growth and biochemical composition of N. aff. pellucida. The model is an important tool when using this valuable strain to produce compounds of biological interest.

Citas:7

AÑO:2021
Bats, Bat Flies, and Fungi: Exploring Uncharted Waters
DOI:10.1007/978-3-030-54727-1_21
Haelewaters, Danny (University of South Bohemia in Ceské Budejovice; Purdue University West Lafayette; Autonomous University of Chiriqui); Dick, Carl W. (Western Kentucky University; Field Museum of Natural History); Cocherán Pittí, Kristel Paola (Autonomous University of Chiriqui); Dittmar, Katharina (University at Buffalo, State University of New York); Patterson, Bruce D. (Field Museum of Natural History)
Abstract:

Bats serve as hosts to many lineages of arthropods, of which the blood-sucking bat flies (Nycteribiidae and Streblidae) are the most conspicuous. Bat flies can in turn be parasitized by Laboulbeniales fungi, which are biotrophs of arthropods. This is a second level of parasitism, hyperparasitism, a severely understudied phenomenon. Four genera of Laboulbeniales are known to occur on bat flies, Arthrorhynchus on Nycteribiidae in the Eastern Hemisphere, Dimeromyces on Old World Streblidae, Gloeandromyces on New World Streblidae, and Nycteromyces on Streblidae in both hemispheres. In this chapter, we introduce the different partners of the tripartite interaction and discuss their species diversity, ecology, and patterns of specificity. We cover parasite prevalence of Laboulbeniales fungi on bat flies, climatic effects on parasitism of bat flies, and coevolutionary patterns. One of the most important questions in this tripartite system is whether habitat has an influence on parasitism of bat flies by Laboulbeniales fungi. We hypothesize that habitat disturbance causes parasite prevalence to increase, in line with the “dilution effect.” This can only be resolved based on large, non-biased datasets. To obtain these, we stress the importance of multitrophic field expeditions and international collaborations.

Citas:9

AÑO:2021
Association patterns of swollen-thorn acacias with three ant species and other organisms in a dry forest of Panama
DOI:10.1111/btp.12899
Amador-Vargas, Sabrina (Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute); Orribarra, Vivian Sara (Autonomous University of Chiriqui); Portugal-Loayza, Ana (Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología); Fernández-Marín, Hermógenes (Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología)
Abstract:

Abstract Ants in obligate defense mutualisms with plants protect them against potentially damaging organisms. In the swollen-thorn acacias, organisms linked to the plant inform about the interaction between the tree and the resident ant colony. Some organisms coexist with the aggressive mutualistic ants: specialized herbivores and organisms using the enemy-free space. Conversely, trees inhabited by non-defending ants usually hold a greater load of generalist herbivores and are avoided by organisms looking for the ant protection. We aimed to elucidate the association type between swollen-thorn acacias ( Vachellia collinsii ) and the almost unstudied Pseudomyrmex simulans ants from Panama. We compared the presence of non-ant organisms on trees inhabited by P. simulans , a well-known mutualist ( P. spinicola ) and a facultative parasite (non-defending ants; Crematogaster crinosa ). We recorded non-ant organisms (e.g., stem galls, acacia true bugs, spiders) that nest, lay eggs, or live on the trees. Except for stem galls, all other non-ant organisms were mostly or exclusively found on trees with the mutualists, which is also the most common resident ant. P. simulans is less able to deter galling midges (Cecidomyiidae) than C. crinosa and even less than P. spinicola , because trees with P. simulans were more likely to have galls and in greater densities than on C. crinosa-trees, and even more than on P. spinicola -inhabited trees. The mechanism by which the Cecidomyiids occur in greater proportion on trees with P. simulans and C. crinosa is still unknown, but the pattern indicates an herbivory specialization or a potentially obligate weaker defender of the swollen-thorn acacias. Abstract in Spanish is available with online material RESUMEN Las hormigas que viven en mutualismos de defensa obligatorios con plantas las protegen contra organismos potencialmente dañinos. Organismos asociados al mutualismo pueden informar sobre el tipo de interacción entre las hormigas residentes y el árbol. Algunos organismos son capaces de coexistir con las hormigas mutualistas: herbívoros especializados y organismos que anidan en la planta usando el espacio libre de enemigos que crean las hormigas agresivas. Por el contrario, árboles habitados por hormigas que no defienden (i.e. parásitas del mutualismo) usualmente tienen una carga mayor de herbívoros y son evitados para anidar por otros organismos. Intentamos entender el tipo de asociación entre árboles de acacia ( Vachellia collinsii ) y unas hormigas poco estudiadas: Pseudomyrmex simulans . Comparamos los organismos en árboles con P. simulans , con los de árboles habitados por una conocida mutualista ( P. spinicola ) y una parásita facultativa ( Crematogaster crinosa ). Muestreamos 1,236 acacias anotando la presencia de las hormigas y otros organismos que anidan o viven en las acacias (e.g. agallas, arañas y chinches de las acacias). Excepto por las agallas, todos los demás organismos estaban en su mayoría o exclusivamente en árboles con la hormiga mutualista, que también es la habitante más común. Los datos muestran que P. simulans es menos capaz de repeler a los dípteros agalladores (Cecidomyiidae) que C. crinosa y aún menos que P. spinicola, pues era más probable que árboles con P. simulans tuvieran agallas, y en densidades mayores que en árboles con C. crinosa y aún más que con P. spinicola . El mecanismo mediante el cual los Cecidomyiidae ocurren en mayor proporción en acacias con P. simulans y C. crinosa aún se desconoce, pero el patrón podría indicar una especialización del herbívoro, o una nueva hormiga obligatoria que es una defensora más débil de la acacia.

Citas:4

AÑO:2021
Geodiversity, Geoconservation, and Geotourism in Central America
DOI:10.3390/land11010048
Quesada-Román, Adolfo (University of Costa Rica); Torres-Bernhard, Lidia (National Autonomous University of Honduras); Ruiz-Álvarez, Maynor A. (National Autonomous University of Honduras); Rodríguez-Maradiaga, Manuel (National Autonomous University of Honduras); Velázquez-Espinoza, Gema (National Autonomous University of Nicaragua); Espinosa-Vega, Catalina (Autonomous University of Chiriqui); Toral, Jaime (Autonomous University of Chiriqui); Rodríguez-Bolaños, Hugo (University of Costa Rica)
Abstract:

Central America is located in a dynamic region where tectonics and volcanism together with the tropical climate and its diverse vegetation have shaped the landscapes. Our main objective is to review the status of the geodiversity, geoconservation, and geotourism in Central America. We will identify the region’s geomorphic environments and geodiversity using classic regional geomorphology mapping techniques. Likewise, using touristic maps and webpages, we identify the most prominent geosites of different origin in Central America. Moreover, we will explore the national environmental policies, natural conservation systems, and tourism initiatives to promote their national geoheritage through geotourism. We found that volcanic, coastal, karstic, glacial, and fluvial geomorphic environments are the most common in the region. In addition, we identified 393 geosites of volcanic, coastal, karstic, glacial, fluvial, and archeological origin in Central America. The promotion of geoheritage, geodiversity, geoconservation, and thus the development of geoparks are excellent opportunities to promote sustainable development, sustainable lifestyles, appreciation of natural and cultural diversity, and the promotion of peace. These results may prove important to spread information about geoscience widely to decision makers on geotourism and conservation in each country and the stakeholders of the region. Geoheritage studies in tropical and developing countries such as those in Central America should be improved, and priority should be given to the geomorphological dynamics and strong anthropic pressures on their geo- and biodiversity to increase their income through geotourism, especially among the less favored communities and avoid affecting their already threatened natural resources.

Citas:37

AÑO:2021
Influence of biogas supply regime on photosynthetic biogas upgrading performance in an enclosed algal-bacterial photobioreactor
DOI:10.1016/j.algal.2021.102350
Ángeles, Roxana (University of Valladolid; University of Valladolid); Vega-Quiel, Miguel J. (Centro de Investigaciones de Productos Naturales y Biotecnología, David 0427, Panama; Autonomous University of Chiriqui); Batista, Ariadna (Centro de Investigaciones de Productos Naturales y Biotecnología, David 0427, Panama; Autonomous University of Chiriqui); Fernández-Ramos, Oscar (University of Leon; Laboratory of Diatomology, Institute of Environment, Natural Resources and Biodiversity, La Serna 58, 24007 León, Spain); Lebrero, Raquel (University of Valladolid; University of Valladolid); Muñoz, Raúl (University of Valladolid; University of Valladolid)
Abstract:

Photosynthetic biogas upgrading has recently emerged as an alternative to physical/chemical technologies in order to decrease the energy demand and environmental impact of biomethane production. Despite enclosed photobioreactors (PBRs) provide higher photosynthetic efficiency and CO2 capture capacity than open ponds, the number of studies of PBRs devoted to biogas upgrading is scarce. The effect of biogas supply regime (12 h feeding during the light period vs 24 h feeding during the light and dark periods) on biomethane quality and biochemical biomass composition was evaluated in a 132 L Tubular-PBR interconnected to a 2.5 L biogas scrubbing column operated at high alkalinity. Process operation at a biogas flow rate of 14.4 L d-1 during the light period supported a biomethane composition of 95.9 ± 1.3% v/v of CH4, 2.5 ± 0.8% v/v of CO2, 1.4 ± 0.6% v/v of N2, 0.1 ± 0.1% v/v of O2, and negligible H2S concentrations. On the contrary, CH4 and CO2 concentrations of 88.8 ± 1.6% v/v and 9.3 ± 1.1% v/v, respectively, were recorded when biogas was continuously supplied (28.8 L d-1). The oxygenation capacity of the PBR during the light period was sufficient to oxidize NH4 + to NO3 -, which was further used during the dark period to oxidize H2S and prevent microalgae inhibition. Biomass productivity and composition remained constant regardless of the biogas supply regime, with a slight increase in carbohydrate content from 23.6 ± 5.7% (12 h supply) to 30.9 ± 3.5% (continuous supply).

Citas:28

AÑO:2021
Phylogenetic Advances in Leotiomycetes, an Understudied Clade of Taxonomically and Ecologically Diverse Fungi
DOI:10.1016/b978-0-12-819990-9.00052-4
Quandt, C. Alisha (University of Colorado Boulder); Haelewaters, Danny (Purdue University West Lafayette; Ghent University; Autonomous University of Chiriqui; University of South Bohemia in Ceské Budejovice)
Abstract:

The class Leotiomycetes encompasses many fungi that were historically classified as inoperculate discomycetes. Molecular phylogenetics has changed our perception of the diversity of higher taxonomic lineages and morphologies in the class as well as our understanding of how these clades are related to one another. Leotiomycetes are found in all environments where researchers have explored and have myriad ecological strategies – including economically important pathogens (e.g., powdery mildews on various plants and the causal agent of the white-nose syndrome of bats), endophytes, saprobes, and mycorrhizae. In this article, we provide a summary of the morphological and ecological diversity of Leotiomycetes, and an overview of the taxonomic diversity and systematics. Major challenges in studying this group include historical biases in sampling outside of temperate Europe and North America and a lack of sequence data for many taxa especially in the sprawling mega-order Helotiales. With the help of environmental sequencing and genomic-scale data, researchers are beginning to reveal new perspectives on Leotiomycetes ecology, evolution, and systematics.

Citas:25

AÑO:2021
The Trichoptera of Panama. XVI. Evaluation of Trichoptera (Insecta) from Omar Torrijos Herrera General Division National Park
DOI:10.1080/01650424.2021.1942496
Armitage, Brian J. (Autonomous University of Chiriqui; Instituto Conmemorativo Gorgas de Estudio de la Salud, Panamá, Republic of Panamá); Harris, Steven C. (Clarion University); González, Tomás A. Ríos (Autonomous University of Chiriqui); Álvarez, Eric (Instituto Conmemorativo Gorgas de Estudio de la Salud, Panamá, Republic of Panamá); Pérez, Edgar (Instituto Conmemorativo Gorgas de Estudio de la Salud, Panamá, Republic of Panamá); Aguirre, Yusseff (Autonomous University of Chiriqui); Cornejo, Aydeé (Instituto Conmemorativo Gorgas de Estudio de la Salud, Panamá, Republic of Panamá)
Abstract:

The objective of this study was a preliminary evaluation of the adult Trichoptera (Insecta) fauna of Omar Torrijos Herrera General Division National Park, comparing collection methods and local/regional species affinities. Employing both Malaise traps and UV light traps, adult caddisflies were collected in four streams (two each in the Caribbean and Pacific drainages). In recent publications, 11 new species were described and four first country records published for this study. Seventy-two taxa were identified from all samples, with two species yet to be described. We found multiple collection methods were required to adequately estimate species richness. The Chao2 estimator of potential species richness indicated a minimum of 118 species, and even more species could be expected if prolonged sampling occurred monthly in all park streams. The identification and addition of 15 new taxa to Panama’s Trichoptera fauna from such a small area and sampling effort is both remarkable and encouraging.

Citas:4

AÑO:2020
Two new species of Lepanthes (Orchidaceae: Pleurothallidinae) from Costa Rica and their phylogenetic affinity
DOI:10.1007/s00606-020-01653-z
Bogarín, Diego (University of Costa Rica; Autonomous University of Chiriqui; Leiden University); Chinchilla, Isler F. (University of Costa Rica; University of Costa Rica); Cedeño-Fonseca, Marco (University of Costa Rica; University of Costa Rica)
Abstract:

Lepanthes is one of the most species-rich genera of angiosperms in the neotropics. Here, we describe and illustrate two new species of Lepanthes from Caribbean lowlands of Costa Rica. Lepanthes crucitasensis,sp. nov. resembles L. confusa, from which it can be distinguished by longer and wider leaves and flowers with entire margin sepals, longer lateral sepals, longer upper lobe and lip with glabrous appendix. Lepanthes adenophorasp.nov. is similar to L. crucitasensis, but it is distinguished by the narrower leaves, always green, shorter inflorescences, pink scarlet petals with a yellow center and with the upper and lower lobe of different lengths, lip not surpassing the column, appendix with glandular trichomes and obovoid-elliptic pollinia. Micromorphologically, the petals of L. adenophora are pubescent or papillose–hispid. Both new species conform a clade closely related to two species from montane forests, suggesting that some lineages can potentially survive or adapt to warmer habitats. Our results demonstrate that alpha-taxonomic studies are pivotal for uncovering phylogenetic relationships in poorly sampled neotropical orchid groups.

Citas:8

AÑO:2020
Inventario florístico en un bosque amenazado por la expansión agrícola en la reserva del Centro Turístico Los Chocuacos, Costa Rica
DOI:10.15359/rca.54-1.3
Cedeño-Fonseca, Marco (University of Costa Rica); Flores-Leitón, José Miguel (Costa Rica Institute of Technology); Quesada-Román, Adolfo (University of Costa Rica); Flores, Rodolfo (Autonomous University of Chiriqui)
Abstract:

[Introduction]: The expansion of african palm (Elaeis guineensis) and pineapple (Ananas comosus) monocultures in Costa Rica, has progressively degraded the natural environment of the country, standin[i]g out, the region of the Potrero Grande district of Buenos Aires. [Objective]: This study, aims to show the importance of conservation in the Centro Turistico Los Chocuacos (CTLC) reserve, which is a threatened area, and that conserves a forest, between secondary and primary, of approximately 30 years. [Methodology]: In an area of 25 hectares (ha), a floristic inventory was performed by random walks along the forest edge, trails, river, waters springs, and areas not crossed by trails. The botanical specimens were collected in a reproductive state, which were botanized and deposited in the Herbarium Luis A. Fournier Origgi of the University of Costa Rica. [Results]: The CTLC reserve has a floristic wealth of 75 families, 219 genera and 266 species. The results yield important data, such as, a new record for Costa Rica, Eugenia veraguensis, and a species of the genus Aristolochia, that is currently being described as new specie for science. The most representative life form is tree and the habit is mostly terrestrial. The Fabaceae, Rubiaceae and Malvaceae families were the most representative in the study area. [Conclusions]: The study highlights the importance of floristic inventories to increase knowledge of species present in poorly studied areas of the tropics that are also being affected by the disorderly land use change.

Citas:3

AÑO:2020
An SDN approach to route massive data flows of sensor networks
DOI:10.1002/dac.4309
Flauzac, Olivier (University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne); Santamaria, Carlos Javier Gonzalez (Autonomous University of Chiriqui); Nolot, Florent (University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne); Woungang, Isaac (Toronto Metropolitan University)
Abstract:

Summary With the advent of the Internet of Things (IoT), more and more devices can establish a connection with local area networks and use routing protocols to forward all information to the sink. But these devices may not have enough resources to execute a complex routing protocol or to memorize all information about the network. With proactive routing protocols, each node calculates the best path, and it needs enough resources to memorize the network topology. With reactive routing protocols, each node has to broadcast the message to learn the right path that the packets must follow. In all cases, in large networks such as IoT, this is not an appropriate mechanism. This paper presents a new software-defined network (SDN)–based network architecture to optimize the resource consumption of each IoT object while securing the exchange of messages between the embedded devices. In this architecture, the controller is in charge of all decisions, and objects only exchange messages and forward packets among themselves. In the case of large networks, the network is organized into clusters. Our proposed network architectures are tested with 1000 things grouped in five clusters and managed by one SDN controller. The tests using OpenDayLight and IoT embedded applications have been implemented on several scenarios providing the ability and the scalability from dynamic reorganization of the end-devices. This approach explores the network performance issues using a virtualized SDN-clustered environment which contributes to a new model for future network architectures.

Citas:15

AÑO:2020
EpIG-DB: A database of vascular epiphyte assemblages in the Neotropics
DOI:10.1111/jvs.12867
Mendieta-Leiva, Glenda (Philipps University of Marburg; Centro de Ornitología y Biodiversidad); Ramos, Flavio N. (Federal University of Alfenas); Elias, João P. C. (Federal University of Alfenas); Zotz, Gerhard (Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg; Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute); Acuña-Tarazona, Margoth (Instituto de Ecología); Alvim, Francine Seehaber (Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora); Barbosa, Daniel E. F. (Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora); Basílio, Geicilaine A. (Centro de Ensino Superior de Juiz de Fora); Batke, Sven P. (Edge Hill University); Benavides, Ana María (Jardín Botánico de Medellín, Antioquia, Colombia); Blum, Christopher T. (Federal University of Paraná); Boelter, Carlos R. (National Institute of Amazonian Research); Brancalion, Pedro H. S. (Universidade de São Paulo); Carmona, María Judith (University of Antioquia); Carvalho, Luciana P. (Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora); de la Rosa-Manzano, Edilia (Autonomous University of Tamaulipas); Einzmann, Helena J. R. (Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg); Fernández, Manuel (SUMPA S.A.C, Lima, Peru); Furtado, Samyra G. (Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora); de Gasper, André L. (Universidade Regional de Blumenau); Guzmán-Jacob, Valeria (University of Göttingen); Hietz, Peter (University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences); Irume, Mariana V. (National Institute of Amazonian Research); Jiménez-López, Derio Antonio (El Colegio de la Frontera Sur); Kessler, Michael (University of Zurich); Kreft, Holger (University of Göttingen; University of Göttingen); Krömer, Thorsten (Universidad Veracruzana); Machado, Giesta Maria O. (Universidade Regional de Blumenau); Martínez-Meléndez, Nayely (El Colegio de la Frontera Sur); Martins, Pedro Luiz S. S. (Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora); de Macêdo Mello, Rodrigo (Federal University of Lavras); Mendes, Alex F. (Universidade de São Paulo); Neto, Luiz Menini (Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora); Mortara, Sara R. (Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro; Instituto Nacional da Mata Atlântica); Nardy, Camila (Federal University of Alfenas); de Paula Oliveira, Rodolfo (Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg; University of Brasília); Pereira, Ana Clara A. (Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora); Pillaca, Luis (National University of San Marcos); Quaresma, Adriano C. (National Institute of Amazonian Research); Quiel, Calixto Rodríguez (Autonomous University of Chiriqui); Medina, Edier Soto (University of Valle); Taylor, Amanda (Universidade Regional de Blumenau); Vega, Michael S. (National Agrarian University); Wagner, Katrin (Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg); Werneck, Márcio S. (Universidade Federal do ABC); Werner, Florian A. (Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit); Wolf, Jan H. D. (University of Amsterdam); Zartman, Charles E. (National Institute of Amazonian Research); Zuleta, Daniel (ForestGEO); Jiménez-Alfaro, Borja (Research Unit of Biodiversity (CSIC/UO/PA), Mieres, Spain)
Abstract:

Abstract Vascular epiphytes are a diverse and conspicuous component of biodiversity in tropical and subtropical forests. Yet, the patterns and drivers of epiphyte assemblages are poorly studied in comparison with soil-rooted plants. Current knowledge about diversity patterns of epiphytes mainly stems from local studies or floristic inventories, but this information has not yet been integrated to allow a better understanding of large-scale distribution patterns. EpIG-DB, the first database on epiphyte assemblages at the continental scale, resulted from an exhaustive compilation of published and unpublished inventory data from the Neotropics. The current version of EpIG-DB consists of 463,196 individual epiphytes from 3,005 species, which were collected from a total of 18,148 relevés (host trees and ‘understory’ plots). EpIG-DB reports the occurrence of ‘true’ epiphytes, hemiepiphytes and nomadic vines, including information on their cover, abundance, frequency and biomass. Most records (97%) correspond to sampled host trees, 76% of them aggregated in forest plots. The data is stored in a TURBOVEG database using the most up-to-date checklist of vascular epiphytes. A total of 18 additional fields were created for the standardization of associated data commonly used in epiphyte ecology (e.g. by considering different sampling methods). EpIG-DB currently covers six major biomes across the whole latitudinal range of epiphytes in the Neotropics but welcomes data globally. This novel database provides, for the first time, unique biodiversity data on epiphytes for the Neotropics and unified guidelines for future collection of epiphyte data. EpIG-DB will allow exploration of new ways to study the community ecology and biogeography of vascular epiphytes.

Citas:27

AÑO:2020
Fungal diversity notes 1151–1276: taxonomic and phylogenetic contributions on genera and species of fungal taxa
DOI:10.1007/s13225-020-00439-5
Hyde, Kevin D. (Kunming Institute of Botany; Mae Fah Luang University; Mushroom Research Foundation, 128 M.3 Ban Pa Deng T. Pa Pae, A. Mae Taeng, 50150, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Chiang Mai University); Dong, Yang (Yunnan Agricultural University; Yunnan Research Institute for Local Plateau Agriculture and Industry, 650201, Kunming, China); Phookamsak, Rungtiwa (Kunming Institute of Botany; Mae Fah Luang University; World Agroforestry in East and Central Asia; Kunming Institute of Botany); Jeewon, Rajesh (University of Mauritius); Bhat, D. Jayarama (No. 128/1-J, Azad Co-Op Housing Society, 403108, Curca, Goa Velha, India); Jones, E. B. Gareth (Chiang Mai University; King Saud University); Liu, Ning-Guo (Mae Fah Luang University; Mushroom Research Foundation, 128 M.3 Ban Pa Deng T. Pa Pae, A. Mae Taeng, 50150, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Naresuan University; Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences); Abeywickrama, Pranami D. (Mae Fah Luang University; Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences); Mapook, Ausana (Mae Fah Luang University; Mae Fah Luang University; Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research); Wei, Deping (Kunming Institute of Botany; Mae Fah Luang University; Mushroom Research Foundation, 128 M.3 Ban Pa Deng T. Pa Pae, A. Mae Taeng, 50150, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Chiang Mai University); Perera, Rekhani H. (Mae Fah Luang University; Mushroom Research Foundation, 128 M.3 Ban Pa Deng T. Pa Pae, A. Mae Taeng, 50150, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences); Manawasinghe, Ishara S. (Mae Fah Luang University; Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences); Pem, Dhandevi (Mae Fah Luang University; Mushroom Research Foundation, 128 M.3 Ban Pa Deng T. Pa Pae, A. Mae Taeng, 50150, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Shenzhen University); Bundhun, Digvijayini (Mae Fah Luang University; Mushroom Research Foundation, 128 M.3 Ban Pa Deng T. Pa Pae, A. Mae Taeng, 50150, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Chiang Mai University); Karunarathna, Anuruddha (Mae Fah Luang University; Mushroom Research Foundation, 128 M.3 Ban Pa Deng T. Pa Pae, A. Mae Taeng, 50150, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Chiang Mai University; National Chiayi University); Ekanayaka, Anusha H. (Kunming Institute of Botany; Mae Fah Luang University); Bao, Dan-Feng (Mae Fah Luang University; Chiang Mai University; Dali University); Li, Junfu (Kunming Institute of Botany; Mae Fah Luang University; Mushroom Research Foundation, 128 M.3 Ban Pa Deng T. Pa Pae, A. Mae Taeng, 50150, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Mae Fah Luang University); Samarakoon, Milan C. (Mae Fah Luang University; Mushroom Research Foundation, 128 M.3 Ban Pa Deng T. Pa Pae, A. Mae Taeng, 50150, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Chiang Mai University); Chaiwan, Napalai (Yunnan Agricultural University; Mae Fah Luang University; Mae Fah Luang University); Lin, Chuan-Gen (Mae Fah Luang University; Mushroom Research Foundation, 128 M.3 Ban Pa Deng T. Pa Pae, A. Mae Taeng, 50150, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Mae Fah Luang University); Phutthacharoen, Kunthida (Kunming Institute of Botany; Mae Fah Luang University; Mae Fah Luang University); Zhang, Sheng-Nan (Mae Fah Luang University; Mushroom Research Foundation, 128 M.3 Ban Pa Deng T. Pa Pae, A. Mae Taeng, 50150, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Chiang Mai University); Senanayake, Indunil C. (Shenzhen University); Goonasekara, Ishani D. (Mae Fah Luang University; Mushroom Research Foundation, 128 M.3 Ban Pa Deng T. Pa Pae, A. Mae Taeng, 50150, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Mae Fah Luang University); Thambugala, Kasun M. (Thammasat University); Phukhamsakda, Chayanard (Mae Fah Luang University; Mae Fah Luang University); Tennakoon, Danushka S. (Mae Fah Luang University; Mushroom Research Foundation, 128 M.3 Ban Pa Deng T. Pa Pae, A. Mae Taeng, 50150, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Mae Fah Luang University; National Chiayi University); Jiang, Hong-Bo (Kunming Institute of Botany; Mae Fah Luang University; Mushroom Research Foundation, 128 M.3 Ban Pa Deng T. Pa Pae, A. Mae Taeng, 50150, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Mae Fah Luang University); Yang, Jing (Mae Fah Luang University; Mushroom Research Foundation, 128 M.3 Ban Pa Deng T. Pa Pae, A. Mae Taeng, 50150, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Mae Fah Luang University; Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences); Zeng, Ming (Kunming Institute of Botany; Mae Fah Luang University; Mushroom Research Foundation, 128 M.3 Ban Pa Deng T. Pa Pae, A. Mae Taeng, 50150, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Mae Fah Luang University); Huanraluek, Naruemon (Mae Fah Luang University); Liu, Jian-Kui (Jack) (University of Electronic Science and Technology of China); Wijesinghe, Subodini N. (Mae Fah Luang University; Mushroom Research Foundation, 128 M.3 Ban Pa Deng T. Pa Pae, A. Mae Taeng, 50150, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Mae Fah Luang University; Guizhou University); Tian, Qing (Mae Fah Luang University; Mushroom Research Foundation, 128 M.3 Ban Pa Deng T. Pa Pae, A. Mae Taeng, 50150, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Mae Fah Luang University); Tibpromma, Saowaluck (Kunming Institute of Botany; World Agroforestry in East and Central Asia; Kunming Institute of Botany); Brahmanage, Rashika S. (Mae Fah Luang University; Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences); Boonmee, Saranyaphat (Mae Fah Luang University); Huang, Shi-Ke (Kunming Institute of Botany; Mae Fah Luang University; Mushroom Research Foundation, 128 M.3 Ban Pa Deng T. Pa Pae, A. Mae Taeng, 50150, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Guizhou University); Thiyagaraja, Vinodhini (Kunming Institute of Botany; Mae Fah Luang University; Mushroom Research Foundation, 128 M.3 Ban Pa Deng T. Pa Pae, A. Mae Taeng, 50150, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Chiang Mai University); Lu, Yong-Zhong (Guizhou Institute of Technology); Jayawardena, Ruvishika S. (Mae Fah Luang University); Dong, Wei (Mae Fah Luang University; Mushroom Research Foundation, 128 M.3 Ban Pa Deng T. Pa Pae, A. Mae Taeng, 50150, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Chiang Mai University; Kunming University of Science and Technology); Yang, Er-Fu (Kunming Institute of Botany; Kunming Institute of Botany); Singh, Sanjay K. (Agharkar Research Institute); Singh, Shiv Mohan (Banaras Hindu University); Rana, Shiwali (Agharkar Research Institute); Lad, Sneha S. (Agharkar Research Institute); Anand, Garima (University of Delhi); Devadatha, Bandarupalli (Mae Fah Luang University; Pondicherry University); Niranjan, M. (Pondicherry University); Sarma, V. Venkateswara (Pondicherry University); Liimatainen, Kare (Royal Botanic Gardens); Aguirre-Hudson, Begoña (Royal Botanic Gardens); Niskanen, Tuula (Royal Botanic Gardens); Overall, Andy (Flat 2, 39 North End Road, Golders Green, NW11 7RJ, London, UK); Alvarenga, Renato Lúcio Mendes (Federal University of Pernambuco); Gibertoni, Tatiana Baptista (Federal University of Pernambuco); Pfliegler, Walter P. (University of Debrecen); Horváth, Eniko (University of Debrecen; University of Debrecen); Imre, Alexandra (University of Debrecen; University of Debrecen); Alves, Amanda Lucia (Federal University of Pernambuco); da Silva Santos, Ana Carla (Federal University of Pernambuco); Tiago, Patricia Vieira (Federal University of Pernambuco); Bulgakov, Timur S. (Department of Plant Protection, Russian Research Institute of Floriculture and Subtropical Crops, Yana Fabritsiusa Street 2/28, 354002, Sochi, Krasnodar Region, Russia); Wanasinghe, Dhanushaka N. (Kunming Institute of Botany; World Agroforestry in East and Central Asia; Kunming Institute of Botany); Bahkali, Ali H. (King Saud University; King Saud University); Doilom, Mingkwan (Kunming Institute of Botany; World Agroforestry in East and Central Asia; Kunming Institute of Botany); Elgorban, Abdallah M. (King Saud University; King Saud University); Maharachchikumbura, Sajeewa S. N. (University of Electronic Science and Technology of China); Rajeshkumar, Kunhiraman C. (Agharkar Research Institute); Haelewaters, Danny (Harvard University; Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute; Autonomous University of Chiriqui; University of South Bohemia in Ceské Budejovice); Mortimer, Peter E. (Kunming Institute of Botany; Kunming Institute of Botany); Zhao, Qi (Kunming Institute of Botany); Lumyong, Saisamorn (Chiang Mai University; Chiang Mai University; Royal Society of Thailand); Xu, Jianchu (Kunming Institute of Botany; World Agroforestry in East and Central Asia; Kunming Institute of Botany); Sheng, Jun (Yunnan Agricultural University; Yunnan Research Institute for Local Plateau Agriculture and Industry, 650201, Kunming, China; Yunnan Agricultural University)
Abstract:

Abstract Fungal diversity notes is one of the important journal series of fungal taxonomy that provide detailed descriptions and illustrations of new fungal taxa, as well as providing new information of fungal taxa worldwide. This article is the 11th contribution to the fungal diversity notes series, in which 126 taxa distributed in two phyla, six classes, 24 orders and 55 families are described and illustrated. Taxa in this study were mainly collected from Italy by Erio Camporesi and also collected from China, India and Thailand, as well as in some other European, North American and South American countries. Taxa described in the present study include two new families, 12 new genera, 82 new species, five new combinations and 25 new records on new hosts and new geographical distributions as well as sexual-asexual reports. The two new families are Eriomycetaceae (Dothideomycetes, family incertae sedis) and Fasciatisporaceae (Xylariales, Sordariomycetes). The twelve new genera comprise Bhagirathimyces (Phaeosphaeriaceae), Camporesiomyces (Tubeufiaceae), Eriocamporesia (Cryphonectriaceae), Eriomyces (Eriomycetaceae), Neomonodictys (Pleurotheciaceae), Paraloratospora (Phaeosphaeriaceae), Paramonodictys (Parabambusicolaceae), Pseudoconlarium (Diaporthomycetidae, genus incertae sedis), Pseudomurilentithecium (Lentitheciaceae), Setoapiospora (Muyocopronaceae), Srinivasanomyces (Vibrisseaceae) and Xenoanthostomella (Xylariales, genera incertae sedis). The 82 new species comprise Acremonium chiangraiense, Adustochaete nivea, Angustimassarina camporesii, Bhagirathimyces himalayensis, Brunneoclavispora camporesii, Camarosporidiella camporesii, Camporesiomyces mali, Camposporium appendiculatum, Camposporium multiseptatum, Camposporium septatum, Canalisporium aquaticium, Clonostachys eriocamporesiana, Clonostachys eriocamporesii, Colletotrichum hederiicola, Coniochaeta vineae, Conioscypha verrucosa, Cortinarius ainsworthii, Cortinarius aurae, Cortinarius britannicus, Cortinarius heatherae, Cortinarius scoticus, Cortinarius subsaniosus, Cytospora fusispora, Cytospora rosigena, Diaporthe camporesii, Diaporthe nigra, Diatrypella yunnanensis, Dictyosporium muriformis, Didymella camporesii, Diutina bernali, Diutina sipiczkii, Eriocamporesia aurantia, Eriomyces heveae, Ernakulamia tanakae, Falciformispora uttaraditensis, Fasciatispora cocoes, Foliophoma camporesii, Fuscostagonospora camporesii, Helvella subtinta, Kalmusia erioi, Keissleriella camporesiana, Keissleriella camporesii, Lanspora cylindrospora, Loratospora arezzoensis, Mariannaea atlantica, Melanographium phoenicis, Montagnula camporesii, Neodidymelliopsis camporesii, Neokalmusia kunmingensis, Neoleptosporella camporesiana, Neomonodictys muriformis, Neomyrmecridium guizhouense, Neosetophoma camporesii, Paraloratospora camporesii, Paramonodictys solitarius, Periconia palmicola, Plenodomus triseptatus, Pseudocamarosporium camporesii, Pseudocercospora maetaengensis, Pseudochaetosphaeronema kunmingense, Pseudoconlarium punctiforme, Pseudodactylaria camporesiana, Pseudomurilentithecium camporesii, Pseudotetraploa rajmachiensis, Pseudotruncatella camporesii, Rhexocercosporidium senecionis, Rhytidhysteron camporesii, Rhytidhysteron erioi, Septoriella camporesii, Setoapiospora thailandica, Srinivasanomyces kangrensis, Tetraploa dwibahubeeja, Tetraploa pseudoaristata, Tetraploa thrayabahubeeja, Torula camporesii, Tremateia camporesii, Tremateia lamiacearum, Uzbekistanica pruni, Verruconis mangrovei, Wilcoxina verruculosa, Xenoanthostomella chromolaenae and Xenodidymella camporesii. The five new combinations are Camporesiomyces patagoniensis, Camporesiomyces vaccinia, Camposporium lycopodiellae, Paraloratospora gahniae and Rhexocercosporidium microsporum. The 22 new records on host and geographical distribution comprise Arthrinium marii, Ascochyta medicaginicola, Ascochyta pisi, Astrocystis bambusicola, Camposporium pellucidum, Dendryphiella phitsanulokensis, Diaporthe foeniculina, Didymella macrostoma, Diplodia mutila, Diplodia seriata, Heterosphaeria patella, Hysterobrevium constrictum, Neodidymelliopsis ranunculi, Neovaginatispora fuckelii, Nothophoma quercina, Occultibambusa bambusae, Phaeosphaeria chinensis, Pseudopestalotiopsis theae, Pyxine berteriana, Tetraploa sasicola, Torula gaodangensis and Wojnowiciella dactylidis. In addition, the sexual morphs of Dissoconium eucalypti and Phaeosphaeriopsis pseudoagavacearum are reported from Laurus nobilis and Yucca gloriosa in Italy, respectively. The holomorph of Diaporthe cynaroidis is also reported for the first time.

Citas:212

AÑO:2020
Chemical defenses shift with the seasonal vertical migration of a Panamanian poison frog
DOI:10.1111/btp.12842
Basham, Edmund W. (University of Florida); Saporito, Ralph A. (John Carroll University); González-Pinzón, Macario (Autonomous University of Chiriqui); Romero-Marcucci, Angel (Autonomous University of Chiriqui); Scheffers, Brett R. (University of Florida; University of Florida)
Abstract:

Abstract Dendrobatid poison frogs sequester lipophilic alkaloids from their arthropod prey to use as a form of chemical defense. Some dendrobatid frogs seasonally migrate between the leaf litter of the forest floor in the dry season to the canopy in the wet season, which may yield differences in prey (arthropods) and therefore alkaloid availability over space and time. Here, we document a seasonal vertical migration of Andinobates fulguritus (the yellow-bellied poison frog) from ground to canopy between dry and wet seasons. We observed turnover in alkaloid composition between seasons and found that dry season frogs contained a lower relative quantity of alkaloids; however, there was no change in alkaloid richness between seasons. The 77 alkaloids of 13 structural classes identified in this population appear to be derived mostly from mites and ants, though the two most common alkaloids were mite derived. Our observed shifts in defensive profiles are consistent with well-documented turnover in mite and ant communities between seasons and vertical strata. As climate change is expected to lengthen and strengthen dry seasons in many tropical regions, our results suggest that arboreal poison frogs forced to the ground for longer periods of time may see a shift in the abundance of alkaloids, possibly decreasing their defensive potential. This study provides further predictions for the wide-reaching effects of climate change, even as nuanced as charismatic poison frogs losing their poisons. Abstract in Spanish is available with online material. Resumen Las ranas venenosas dendrobatidas secuestran alcaloides lipofílicos de sus presas de artrópodos para usarlas como una forma de defensa química. Algunas ranas dendrobatidas migran estacionalmente entre la hojarasca del suelo del bosque en la estación seca al dosel en la estación húmeda, lo que puede generar diferencias en presa (artrópodos) y, por la tanto, en la disponibilidad de alcaloides en el espacio y el tiempo. Aquí, documentamos una migración vertical estacional de Andinobates fulguritus (la rana venenosa de vientre amarillo) del suelo al dosel entre las estaciones seca y húmeda. Observamos una rotación en la composición de alcaloides entre estaciones y encontramos que las ranas de la estación seca contenían una cantidad relativa menor de alcaloides; sin embargo, no hubo cambios en la riqueza de alcaloides entre las estaciones. Los 77 alcaloides de 13 clases estructurales identificados en esta población parecen derivar principalmente de ácaros y hormigas, aunque los dos alcaloides más comunes fueron derivados de ácaros. Nuestros cambios observados en los perfiles defensivos son consistentes con una rotación bien documentada en comunidades de ácaros y hormigas entre estaciones y estratos verticales. Como se espera que el cambio climático alargue y fortalezca las estaciones secas en muchas regiones tropicales, nuestros resultados sugieren que las ranas venenosas arbóreas forzadas al suelo por periodos más largos de tiempo podrían ver un cambio en la abundancia de alcaloides, posiblemente disminuyendo su potencial defensivo. Este estudio proporciona más predicciones para los efectos de gran alcance del cambio climático, incluso tan matizados como las carismáticas ranas venenosas perdiendo sus venenos.

Citas:15

AÑO:2020
New scientific discoveries: Plants and fungi
DOI:10.1002/ppp3.10148
Cheek, Martin (Royal Botanic Gardens); Lughadha, Eimear Nic (Royal Botanic Gardens); Kirk, Paul (Royal Botanic Gardens); Lindon, Heather (Royal Botanic Gardens); Carretero, Julia (Royal Botanic Gardens); Looney, Brian (Duke University); Douglas, Brian (Royal Botanic Gardens); Haelewaters, Danny (Purdue University West Lafayette; Autonomous University of Chiriqui; Ghent University); Gaya, Ester (Royal Botanic Gardens); Llewellyn, Theo (Royal Botanic Gardens; Imperial College London); Ainsworth, A. Martyn (Royal Botanic Gardens); Gafforov, Yusufjon (Academy of Sciences Republic of Uzbekistan); Hyde, Kevin (Mae Fah Luang University); Crous, Pedro (Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute); Hughes, Mark (Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh); Walker, Barnaby E. (Royal Botanic Gardens); Forzza, Rafaela Campostrini (Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro); Wong, Khoon Meng (National Parks Board); Niskanen, Tuula (Royal Botanic Gardens)
Abstract:

Societal Impact Statement Research and publication of the planet's remaining plant and fungal species as yet unknown to science is essential if we are to address the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 15 “Life on Land” which includes the protection of terrestrial ecosystems and halting of biodiversity loss. If species are not known to science, they cannot be assessed on the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species and so the possibility to protect them from extinction is reduced. Furthermore, until species are known to science they cannot be fully scientifically evaluated for their potential as new foods, medicines, and products which would help address SDGs 1,2,3, and 8. Summary Scientific discovery, including naming new taxa, is important because without a scientific name, a species is invisible to science and the possibilities of researching its ecology, applications and threats, and conserving it, are greatly reduced. We review new scientific discoveries in the plant and fungal kingdoms, based largely on new names of taxa published in 2019 and indexed in the International Plant Names Index and Index Fungorum. Numbers of new species in both kingdoms were similar with 1942 new species of plant published and 1882 species of fungi. However, while >50% of plant species have likely been discovered, >90% of fungi remain unknown. This gulf likely explains the greater number of higher order taxa for fungi published in 2019: three classes, 18 orders, 48 families and 214 genera versus one new family and 87 new genera for plants. We compare the kingdoms in terms of rates of scientific discovery, globally and in different taxonomic groups and geographic areas, and with regard to the use of DNA in discovery. We review species new to science, especially those of interest to humanity as new products, and also by life-form. We consider where future such discoveries can be expected. We recommend an urgent increase in investment in scientific discovery of plant and fungal species, while they still survive. Priorities include more investment in training taxonomists, in building and equipping collections-based research centers for them, especially in species-rich, income-poor countries where the bulk of species as yet unknown to science are thought to occur.

Citas:214

AÑO:2020
Active Compound Identification in Extracts of N. lappaceum Peel and Evaluation of Antioxidant Capacity
DOI:10.1155/2020/4301891
Monrroy, Mariel (Autonomous University of Chiriqui; Autonomous University of Chiriqui); Araúz, Onix (Autonomous University of Chiriqui; Autonomous University of Chiriqui); García, José Renán (Autonomous University of Chiriqui; Autonomous University of Chiriqui)
Abstract:

Nephelium lappaceum and its by-products have great potential in the agricultural, pharmaceutical, and food industries. Some studies have shown that N. lappaceum by-products exhibit antimicrobial, antioxidant, antidiabetic, and anticancer properties. However, studies focused on identifying these compounds are rare. The availability of polyphenolic compounds can vary according to environmental conditions, soil, plant variety, and agronomic management. Therefore, in this study, the active compounds in extracts of the N. lappaceum peel were identified, and their antioxidant properties were evaluated using various extraction solvents and both ultrasonic and boiling extraction techniques. The chemical characterization of the N. lappaceum peel exhibited carbohydrate and reducing sugar contents of 12 and 2%, respectively. Phytochemical analysis indicated the presence of flavonoids, tannins, terpenes, and steroids. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents and total antioxidant capacity were the highest in the hydroethanolic extract obtained by ultrasound, with values of 340 mg gallic acid equivalents g -1 , 76 mg quercetin equivalents g -1 , and 2.9 mmol of Trolox equivalents g -1 , respectively. Contrarily, the total anthocyanin content was higher in the acid extract obtained by ultrasound, with a value of 0.7 mg cyanidin-3-O-glucoside equivalents g -1 . A total of 18 compounds—including hydroxybenzene, phenolic acid, flavonoids, fatty acids (saturated, unsaturated, and ester), vitamin, arenecarbaldehyde, and phthalate—were identified for the first time in the N. lappaceum peel using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The identified compounds have been previously isolated from other plants and reportedly exhibit anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antioxidant activities. Thus, the N. lappaceum peel was shown to be a potential source of bioactive compounds of immense importance in the pharmacological and food industries.

Citas:29

AÑO:2020
SDN Architecture to prevent attacks with OpenFlow
DOI:10.1109/wincom50532.2020.9272445
Flauzac, Olivier (University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne); Robledo, Erick Gallegos (University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne); Gonzalez, Carlos (Autonomous University of Chiriqui); Mauhourat, Fabien (University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne); Nolot, Florent (University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne)
Abstract:

The impact of the Internet of Things (IoT) evolves rapidly, increasing the volume of traffic, and complicating the management of large scalable networks. Despite the security tools offered today, IoT devices are susceptible to many potential attacks. The introduction of software-defined networks (SDN) presents the opportunity for efficient management of threat detection and secure the protection of a network infrastructure. In this paper, we present the design and implementation of a network dynamic architecture including security policies and traffic monitoring decisions. In our approach, the intrusion and detection are performed by Suricata and the controller, automatically blocking attempted attacks using Openflow rules. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed framework through the use of five attack scenarios. The performance results improve the rapid response time under possible attacks and flexible management of secure flow rules with Openflow.

Citas:6

AÑO:2020
Frequency and associated factors related to sexual addiction in medical students from 16 Latin American cities, 2016: a regional multicentric study
DOI:10.12688/f1000research.21418.1
Mejia-Alvarez, Christian Richard (Universidad Continental); Chacon-I, Jhosselyn (Los Andes Peruvian University); Benites-Gamboa, Dayanne (Universidad Ricardo Palma); Pacheco-Barrios, Niels (Cayetano Heredia University); Castillo-Tarrillo, Giancarlo F. (National University of San Marcos); Centeno-Leguia, Dercy (San Cristóbal of Huamanga University); Wendell-Cubilla, Joseph (Autonomous University of Chiriqui); Grandez-Urbina, J.Antonio (Universidad Continental)
Abstract:

Background: Examples of addiction problems that have been reported in growing populations are those related to sexual impulses and addictions. However, such studies have not been carried out in Latin America. The aim of this study was to characterize and identify possible associations of sexual addiction in medical students in Latin America. Methods: An analytical cross-sectional study was carried out among the university students of a medical school in 16 cities; students of medical schools were interviewed during the first semester of 2016. To define sexual addiction, the multi-cage cad-4 test was used, categorizing individuals as possibly or not a potential problem. Additionally, associations with several social and educational variables were obtained. Results: In our study, 6% (221) of the 3691 respondents exhibited a possible problem of sexual addiction; men had 95% more problems (95% confidence interval (95%CI): 21-214, p=0.006), for each year of age it increased by 9% (95%CI: 1-18%, p=0.034 ), those who had a partner were 67% more likely to exhibit sexual addiction (95%CI: 1.34-2.08%, p <0.001) and those who professed a religion present 44% less frequency (95%CI: 20-60%, p: 0.001). When adjusted for marital status, having children, year of studies, and the university where the respondent studied were not associated. Conclusion: Although the percentage of students who had problems with sexual addiction is minimal, screening programs should be created to find students who suffer from these problems, to avoid the possible consequences that may arise.

Citas:0

AÑO:2020
Diversidad y distribución de briófitos epífilos en Beilschmiedia costaricensis (Mez & Pittier) C.K. Allen (Lauraceae)
DOI:10.14483/2256201x.15177
Batista, Nikelly Guerra (Autonomous University of Chiriqui); Arrocha, Clotilde (); Quiel, Eyvar Rodríguez (); Chávez, Angel Raimundo Benítez (Universidad Técnica Particular de la Loja)
Abstract:

La revista Colombia Forestal publica manuscritos originales en temáticas del campo forestal y diversos aspectos de los recursos naturales y del medio ambiente, los cuales se discriminan en las categorías de artículo de investigación, de revisión, de reflexión y notas técnicas de acuerdo con lo estipulado por COLCIENCIAS para las publicaciones científicas. De acuerdo a la clasificación de áreas científicas de la Organización para la Cooperación y el Desarrollo Económico (OCDE), la revista Colombia Forestal pertenece al gran área de Ciencias Agrícolas(4), área de Agricultura, Silvicultura y Pesca(4A) y a la disciplina Forestal (4A02).

Citas:1

AÑO:2020
True bugs living on ant-defended acacias: evasion strategies and ant species preferences, in Costa Rica and Panama
DOI:10.15517/rbt.v68i2.38505
Coronado-Rivera, James (Autonomous University of Chiriqui); Valle, Marianela Solís-Del (University of Costa Rica); Amador-Vargas, Sabrina (Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute)
Abstract:

Introduction: Herbivores specialized in consuming ant-defended plants evolve strategies to prevent the attack of ant workers. When the plant can associate with more than one ant species, the herbivore evasion strategies may either be species-specific, or flexible enough to successfully deter workers of different ant-plant species. Objectives: We studied the behavior of an herbivore bug (Piezogaster reclusus) on ant-defended acacia trees (Vachellia collinsii), which associates with one of three mutualistic Pseudomyrmex ant species, and report the geographical distribution of the acacia bug species of Costa Rica and Panama. Methods: We tested whether herbivore bugs (1) associate with a particular ant species; (2) use chemical or behavioral strategies to evade the ant workers; (3) adjust the evasion strategy to the ant species living on the acacia tree. We also compared collected acacia bugs with Museum specimens to clarify the identification from Costa Rica and Panama. Results: We found bugs more often on trees with ants, particularly Ps. spinicola, and never on trees with Ps. nigrocinctus. To avoid ant attacks, bugs use evasive behaviors to prevent encounters with the ant workers, that depended on the ant species. Also, indirect evidence of intra and interspecific transfer experiments suggest species-specific chemical camouflage or repellence. We also report an expansion of the Southern limit of Pi. reclusus distribution in Central Panama, and reduced the distribution of Pi. chontalesis to the Chiriquí region. Conclusions: Similar to herbivores specialized on chemically defended plants, herbivores on ant-defended trees could evolve specific mechanisms to deal with the plant defenses. However, plants associated with multiple partners are a challenge to herbivore specialization, and might require behavioral plasticity, as our evidence suggests.

Citas:6

AÑO:2020
Contribución a la diversidad de hepáticas neotropicales: nuevos registros para Panamá
DOI:10.1080/23766808.2020.1863757
Arrocha, Clotilde (Autonomous University of Chiriqui); Guerra, Georgina (Autonomous University of Chiriqui); Batista, Nikelly-Guerra (Autonomous University of Chiriqui); Benítez, Ángel (Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja)
Abstract:

Based on floristic and ecological studies of bryophytes from Panama, we report four new species to the country (Cryptomitrium tenerum, Metzgeria mexicana, Radula tectiloba, and Targionia hypophylla), increasing the total species number to 491 species. Metzgeria mexicana is recorded for the first time in Central America, and the collections constitute the first records of the genera Cryptomitrium and Targionia in the country. We give information about ecology, distribution, and a plate of microphotographs of the species.

Citas:2

AÑO:2020
Realidad del COVID-19 en Panamá
DOI:10.24215/16696581e394
Ríos, Reisa Mirella Vega (Autonomous University of Chiriqui)
Abstract:

Relato de la experiencia de la “Nueva Normalidad” anunciada por el gobierno de Panamá el 20de mayo de 2020, en la provincia de Chiriquí al oeste de Panamá, que limita con Costa Rica y elocéano Pacífico. La ruta Los Quetzales recorre los bosques nubosos de la región y conecta lacomunidad agrícola rústica de Cerro Punta con Boquete, una base para actividades al aire librecomo el excursionismo, el alpinismo y el descenso de ríos.

Citas:0

AÑO:2020
Reproducible molecular networking of untargeted mass spectrometry data using GNPS
DOI:10.1038/s41596-020-0317-5
Aron, Allegra T. (University of California, San Diego); Gentry, Emily C. (University of California, San Diego); McPhail, Kerry L. (Oregon State University); Nothias, Louis-Félix (University of California, San Diego); Nothias-Esposito, Mélissa (University of California, San Diego); Bouslimani, Amina (University of California, San Diego); Petras, Daniel (University of California, San Diego; Scripps Institution of Oceanography); Gauglitz, Julia M. (University of California, San Diego); Sikora, Nicole (University of California, San Diego); Vargas, Fernando (University of California, San Diego; University of California, San Diego); van der Hooft, Justin J. J. (Wageningen University & Research); Ernst, Madeleine (University of California, San Diego); Kang, Kyo Bin (Sookmyung Women's University); Aceves, Christine M. (University of California, San Diego); Caraballo-Rodríguez, Andrés Mauricio (University of California, San Diego); Koester, Irina (University of California, San Diego; Scripps Institution of Oceanography); Weldon, Kelly C. (University of California, San Diego; University of California, San Diego); Bertrand, Samuel (University of Nantes; ThalassOMICS Metabolomics Facility, Plateforme Corsaire, Biogenouest, Nantes, France); Roullier, Catherine (Sookmyung Women's University; ThalassOMICS Metabolomics Facility, Plateforme Corsaire, Biogenouest, Nantes, France); Sun, Kunyang (University of California, San Diego); Tehan, Richard M. (Oregon State University); Boya P., Cristopher A. (Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología; Acharya Nagarjuna University); Christian, Martin H. (Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología); Gutiérrez, Marcelino (Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología); Ulloa, Aldo Moreno (Center for Scientific Research and Higher Education at Ensenada); Tejeda Mora, Javier Andres (Center for Scientific Research and Higher Education at Ensenada); Mojica-Flores, Randy (Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología; Autonomous University of Chiriqui); Lakey-Beitia, Johant (Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología); Vásquez-Chaves, Victor (University of Costa Rica); Zhang, Yilue (Auburn University); Calderón, Angela I. (Auburn University); Tayler, Nicole (Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología; Acharya Nagarjuna University); Keyzers, Robert A. (Victoria University of Wellington); Tugizimana, Fidele (University of Johannesburg; International R&D Division, Omnia Group (Pty) Ltd., Johannesburg, South Africa); Ndlovu, Nombuso (University of Johannesburg); Aksenov, Alexander A. (University of California, San Diego); Jarmusch, Alan K. (University of California, San Diego); Schmid, Robin (University of Münster); Truman, Andrew W. (John Innes Centre); Bandeira, Nuno (University of California, San Diego); Wang, Mingxun (University of California, San Diego); Dorrestein, Pieter C. (University of California, San Diego; University of California, San Diego; University of California, San Diego; University of California, San Diego)
Abstract:

Global Natural Product Social Molecular Networking (GNPS) is an interactive online small molecule–focused tandem mass spectrometry (MS2) data curation and analysis infrastructure. It is intended to provide as much chemical insight as possible into an untargeted MS2 dataset and to connect this chemical insight to the user’s underlying biological questions. This can be performed within one liquid chromatography (LC)-MS2 experiment or at the repository scale. GNPS-MassIVE is a public data repository for untargeted MS2 data with sample information (metadata) and annotated MS2 spectra. These publicly accessible data can be annotated and updated with the GNPS infrastructure keeping a continuous record of all changes. This knowledge is disseminated across all public data; it is a living dataset. Molecular networking—one of the main analysis tools used within the GNPS platform—creates a structured data table that reflects the molecular diversity captured in tandem mass spectrometry experiments by computing the relationships of the MS2 spectra as spectral similarity. This protocol provides step-by-step instructions for creating reproducible, high-quality molecular networks. For training purposes, the reader is led through a 90- to 120-min procedure that starts by recalling an example public dataset and its sample information and proceeds to creating and interpreting a molecular network. Each data analysis job can be shared or cloned to disseminate the knowledge gained, thus propagating information that can lead to the discovery of molecules, metabolic pathways, and ecosystem/community interactions.

Citas:491

AÑO:2020
Lactifluus (Russulaceae) diversity in Central America and the Caribbean: melting pot between realms
DOI:10.3767/persoonia.2020.44.10
Delgat, L. (Ghent University); Courtecuisse, R. (University of Lille Nord de France); De Crop, E. (Ghent University); Hampe, F. (Straße des Friedens 11, 99330 Gräfenroda, Germany.); Hofmann, T.A. (Autonomous University of Chiriqui); Manz, C. (Goethe University Frankfurt); Piepenbring, M. (Goethe University Frankfurt); Roy, M. (Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier); Verbeken, A. (Ghent University)
Abstract:

Species of the ectomycorrhizal genus Lactifluus, and often entire sections, are typically unique to a single continent. Given these biogeographic patterns, an interesting region to study their diversity is Central America and the Caribbean, since the region is closely connected to and often considered a part of the North American continent, but biogeographically belong to the Neotropical realm, and comprises several regions with different geologic histories. Based on a multi-gene phylogeny and morphological study, this study shows that Central America, Mexico and the Caribbean harbour at least 35 Lactifluus species, of which 33 were never reported outside of this region. It was found that species from the Caribbean generally show affinities to South American taxa, while species from the Central American mainland generally show affinities to Northern hemispheric taxa. We hypothesise that host specificity and/or climate play a crucial role in these different origins of diversity. Because of these different affinities, Caribbean islands harbour a completely different Lactifluus diversity than the Central American mainland. The majority of species occurring on the islands can be considered endemic to certain islands or island groups. In this paper, detailed morphological descriptions are given, with a focus on the unique diversity of the islands, and identification keys to all hitherto described Lactifluus species occurring in Central America and the Caribbean are provided. One new section, Lactifluus sect. Nebulosi, and three new species, Lactifluus guadeloupensis, Lactifluus lepus and Lactifluus marmoratus are described.

Citas:8

AÑO:2020
Isolation and structural characterization of bioactive compound from Aristolochia sprucei aqueous extract with anti-myotoxic activity
DOI:10.1016/j.toxcx.2020.100049
Rodríguez, Isela I. González (Universidade de São Paulo); Francisco, Aleff F. (São Paulo State University; Federal University of Rondônia); Moreira-Dill, Leandro S. (Federal University of Rondônia); Quintero, Aristides (Universidade de São Paulo; Autonomous University of Chiriqui); Guimarães, César L.S. (Federal University of Rondônia; Brazilian Institute of Environment and Renewable Natural Resources); Fernandes, Carlos A.H. (São Paulo State University); Takeda, Agnes A.S. (São Paulo State University); Zanchi, Fernando B. (Federal University of Rondônia; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia Em Epidemiologia da Amazônia Ocidental, INCT – EpiAmO, Brazil); Caldeira, Cléopatra A.S. (Federal University of Rondônia); Pereira, Paulo S. (Universidade de Ribeirão Preto; Instituto Federal de Goiás); Fontes, Marcos R.M. (São Paulo State University); Zuliani, Juliana P. (Federal University of Rondônia; Oswaldo Cruz Foundation); Soares, Andreimar M. (Federal University of Rondônia; Centro Universitário São Lucas; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia Em Epidemiologia da Amazônia Ocidental, INCT – EpiAmO, Brazil)
Abstract:

A bioactive compound isolated from the stem extract of Aristolochia sprucei through High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) was identified via Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) as the aristolochic acid (AA). This compound showed an inhibitory effect over the myotoxic activity of Bothrops jararacussu and Bothrops asper venoms, being also effective against the indirect hemolytic activity of B. asper venom. Besides, AA also inhibited the myotoxic activity of BthTX-I and MTX-II with an efficiency greater than 60% against both myotoxins. Docking predictions revealed an interesting mechanism, through which the AA displays an interaction profile consistent with its inhibiting abilities, binding to both active and putative sites of svPLA2. Overall, the present findings indicate that AA may bind to critical regions of myotoxic Asp 49 and Lys49-PLA2s from snake venoms, highlighting the relevance of domains comprising the active and putative sites to inhibit these toxins.

Citas:13

AÑO:2020
Tetraaquabis(2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxine-2-carboxylato)calcium(II)
DOI:10.1107/s2414314620010925
Camargo-Cortés, Esmit B. (Autonomous University of Chiriqui); Acosta, Mirna (Autonomous University of Chiriqui); Martínez, Juan C. (Autonomous University of Chiriqui); Pineda, Leslie W. (University of Costa Rica; University of Costa Rica)
Abstract:

The acid-base reaction of 1,4-benzodioxane 2-carb-oxy-lic acid with calcium carbonate furnished the centrosymmetric title compound, [Ca(C9H7O4)2(H2O)4], in which the metal ion is octa-hedrally coordinated by two monodentate 1,4-benzodioxane 2-carboxyl-ate ligands and four water mol-ecules. In the crystal, O-H?O and C-H?O hydrogen bonds link the mol-ecules into a three-dimensional network.

Citas:0

AÑO:2020
Agriculture impairs stream ecosystem functioning in a tropical catchment
DOI:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140950
Cornejo, Aydeé (Instituto Conmemorativo Gorgas de Estudios de la Salud); Pérez, Javier (University of the Basque Country); López-Rojo, Naiara (University of the Basque Country); Tonin, Alan M (University of Brasília); Rovira, Dalys (Autonomous University of Chiriqui); Checa, Brenda (Ministerio de Desarrollo Agropecuario); Jaramillo, Nicomedes (Autonomous University of Chiriqui); Correa, Karina (Autonomous University of Chiriqui); Villarreal, Allison (Autonomous University of Chiriqui); Villarreal, Víctor (Autonomous University of Chiriqui); García, Gabriela (Autonomous University of Chiriqui); Pérez, Edgar (Instituto Conmemorativo Gorgas de Estudios de la Salud); Ríos González, Tomás A (Autonomous University of Chiriqui); Aguirre, Yusseff (Autonomous University of Chiriqui); Correa-Araneda, Francisco (Universidad Autónoma de Chile); Boyero, Luz (University of the Basque Country; Ikerbasque)
Abstract:

The expansion of agriculture is particularly worrying in tropical regions of the world, where native forests are being replaced by crops at alarming rates, with severe consequences for biodiversity and ecosystems. However, there is little information about the potential effects of agriculture on the functioning of tropical streams, which is essential if we are to assess the condition and ecological integrity of these ecosystems. We conducted a litter decomposition experiment in streams within a tropical catchment, which were subjected to different degrees of agricultural influence: low (protected area, PA), medium (buffer area, BA) and high (agricultural area, AA). We quantified decomposition rates of litter enclosed within coarse-mesh and fine-mesh bags, which allowed the distinction of microbial and detritivore-mediated decomposition pathways. We used litter of three riparian species representing a gradient in litter quality (Alnus acuminata > Ficus insipida > Quercus bumelioides), and examined detritivore assemblages through the contents of litterbags and benthic samples. We found that the increasing agricultural influence promoted microbial decomposition, probably due to nutrient-mediated stimulation; and inhibited detritivore-mediated and total decomposition because of reduced detritivore numbers, most likely caused by pesticides and sedimentation. Effects were evident for Alnus and Ficus, but not for Quercus, which was barely decomposed across the gradient. Our study provides key evidence about the impact of agriculture on tropical stream ecosystem functioning, which is associated to changes in stream assemblages and may have far-reaching repercussions for global biochemical cycles.

Citas:30

AÑO:2020
Two new species in a new genus and a critical revision of Brachybasidiaceae (Exobasidiales, Basidiomycota) in honor of Franz Oberwinkler
DOI:10.1007/s11557-020-01564-w
Piepenbring, M. (Goethe University Frankfurt); Hartmann, M. (Goethe University Frankfurt); Hofmann, T. A. (Autonomous University of Chiriqui); Lutz, M. (University of Tübingen)
Abstract:

The Brachybasidiaceae are a family of 22 known species of plant-parasitic microfungi belonging to Exobasidiales, Basidiomycota. Within this family, species of the largest genus Kordyana develop balls of basidia on top of stomatal openings. Basidial cells originate from fungal stroma filling substomatal chambers. Species of Kordyana typically infect species of Commelinaceae. During fieldwork in the neotropics, fungi morphologically similar to Kordyana spp. were found on Goeppertia spp. (syn. Calathea spp., Marantaceae), namely on G. panamensis in Panama and on G. propinqua in Bolivia. These specimens are proposed as representatives of a genus new to science, Marantokordyana, based on the distinct host family and molecular sequence data of ITS and LSU rDNA regions. The specimens on the two host species represent two species new to science, M. oberwinkleriana on G. panamensis and M. boliviana on G. propinqua. They differ by the size and shape of their basidia, molecular sequence data of ITS and LSU rDNA regions, and host plant species. In the past, the understanding of Brachybasidiaceae at order and family level was significantly improved by investigation realized by Franz Oberwinkler and his collaborators at the University of Tübingen, Germany. On species level, however, our knowledge is still very poor due to incomplete species descriptions of several existing names in literature, scarceness of specimens, as well as sequence data lacking for many taxa and for further barcode regions. Especially species of Kordyana and species of Dicellomyces are in need of revision.Graphical Abstract

Citas:7

AÑO:2019
Comunidad de algas del manglar de playa Estrella, isla Colón, Bocas del Toro, Panamá
DOI:10.15359/revmar.11-2.1
Rios, Rosemary (Autonomous University of Chiriqui); Tejada, Olga L. (University of El Salvador); Morales, Diana (Autonomous University of Chiriqui); Miranda, Elvia (Autonomous University of Chiriqui); Cerrud, Angélica (Autonomous University of Chiriqui)
Abstract:

A descriptive exploratory study was conducted on macroalgae species associated to roots of R. mangle in Playa Estrella, Colón Island, Bocas del Toro, Panama, in August 2012. The main objective of the study was to collect and describe algae species and know the vertical distribution formed in the roots. In order to know the algae vertical distribution, three zones were established in each root: the low zone going from the base of the root to 0.50 m in height, the average zone going from 0.50 m to 1.10 m, and the high zone from 1.10 to 1.30 m., based on Peña-Salamanca (2008). Eleven species of phylum Rhodophyta were identified, of which B. montagnei, B. moritziana, B. tenella, P. howei, P. scopulorum, A. spicifera, and C. caespitosa were the most outstanding. In addition, three species of phylum Chlorophyta were collected and identified: C. linum, B. verticillata, and Chlorodesmis sp. Regarding the vertical distribution of algae in the roots, most of the species were in the lower and middle areas of the root, while only B. montagnei was in the upper part. The study is expected to contribute to the phycoflora knowledge of Panama’s Caribbean mangroves.

Citas:1

AÑO:2019
Phylogenetic comparative methods improve the selection of characters for generic delimitations in a hyperdiverse Neotropical orchid clade
DOI:10.1038/s41598-019-51360-0
Bogarín, Diego (University of Costa Rica; Autonomous University of Chiriqui; Naturalis Biodiversity Center); Pérez-Escobar, Oscar A. (Royal Botanic Gardens; University of Gothenburg); Karremans, Adam P. (University of Costa Rica; Naturalis Biodiversity Center); Fernández, Melania (University of Costa Rica; Texas Tech University); Kruizinga, Jaco (Leiden University); Pupulin, Franco (University of Costa Rica; Harvard University; Marie Selby Botanical Gardens); Smets, Erik (Naturalis Biodiversity Center; Leiden University; KU Leuven); Gravendeel, Barbara (Naturalis Biodiversity Center; University of Applied Sciences Leiden; Leiden University)
Abstract:

Taxonomic delimitations are challenging because of the convergent and variable nature of phenotypic traits. This is evident in species-rich lineages, where the ancestral and derived states and their gains and losses are difficult to assess. Phylogenetic comparative methods help to evaluate the convergent evolution of a given morphological character, thus enabling the discovery of traits useful for classifications. In this study, we investigate the evolution of selected traits to test for their suitability for generic delimitations in the clade Lepanthes, one of the Neotropical species-richest groups. We evaluated every generic name proposed in the Lepanthes clade producing densely sampled phylogenies with Maximum Parsimony, Maximum Likelihood, and Bayesian approaches. Using Ancestral State Reconstructions, we then assessed 18 phenotypic characters that have been traditionally employed to diagnose genera. We propose the recognition of 14 genera based on solid morphological delimitations. Among the characters assessed, we identified 16 plesiomorphies, 12 homoplastic characters, and seven synapomorphies, the latter of which are reproductive features mostly related to the pollination by pseudocopulation and possibly correlated with rapid diversifications in Lepanthes. Furthermore, the ancestral states of some reproductive characters suggest that these traits are associated with pollination mechanisms alike promoting homoplasy. Our methodological approach enables the discovery of useful traits for generic delimitations in the Lepanthes clade and offers various other testable hypotheses on trait evolution for future research on Pleurothallidinae orchids because the phenotypic variation of some characters evaluated here also occurs in other diverse genera.

Citas:19

AÑO:2019
The Plecoptera of Panama. IV. Description of the last nymphal instar for two species of Anacroneuria Klapálek (Plecoptera: Perlidae) from the Caldera River, Chiriquí, Panamá.
DOI:10.11646/zootaxa.4711.3.2
Sánchez, Kayla N Castillo (Autonomous University of Chiriqui); Aguirre, Yusseff P E (); González, Tomás A Ríos (); Vega, Juan A Bernal ()
Abstract:

The last nymphal instars of Anacroneuria planicollis Klapálek, 1923 and A. quetzali Gutiérrez-Fonseca and Springer, 2015 are described from the Caldera River, Chiriquí Province, Panamá. The adult female of A. quetzali is associated for the first time and described also from the Caldera River, Chiriquí Province, Panamá.

Citas:0

AÑO:2019
Fungal Systematics and Evolution: FUSE 5.
DOI:10.12905/0380.sydowia71-2019-0141
Song, Jie (Research Institute of Tropical Forestry); Liang, Jun-Feng (Research Institute of Tropical Forestry); Mehrabi-Koushki, Mehdi (Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz; Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz); Krisai-Greilhuber, Irmgard (University of Vienna); Ali, Barkat (Quaid-i-Azam University; University of Pretoria); Bhatt, Vinod Kumar (Navdanya); Cerna-Mendoza, Agustín (Universidad Nacional de San Martín); Chen, Bin (Research Institute of Tropical Forestry); Chen, Zai-Xiong (Management Bureau of Danxiashan National Nature Reserve of Guangdong, Shaoguan 512300, China.); Chu, Hong-Long (Qujing Normal University); Corazon-Guivin, Mike Anderson (Universidad Nacional de San Martín); da Silva, Gladstone Alves (Federal University of Pernambuco); De Kesel, André (Meise Botanic Garden); Dima, Bálint (Eötvös Loránd University); Dovana, Francesco (University of Turin); Farokhinejad, Reza (Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz); Ferisin, Guliano (Via A. Vespucci 7, 33052 Cervignano del Friuli (UD), Italy.); Guerrero-Abad, Juan Carlos (Universidad Nacional de San Martín; Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria); Guo, Ting (Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences); Han, Li-Hong (Qujing Normal University); Ilyas, Sobia (Lahore College for Women University); Justo, Alfredo (New Brunswick Museum); Khalid, Abdul Nasir (University of the Punjab); Khodadadi-Pourarpanahi, Sadigheh (Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz); Li, Tai-Hui (Guangdong Academy of Sciences); Liu, Chao (Qujing Normal University); Lorenzini, Marilinda (University of Verona); Lu, Jun-Kun (Research Institute of Tropical Forestry); Mumtaz, Abdul Samad (Quaid-i-Azam University); Oehl, Fritz (Agroscope); Pan, Xue-Yu (Research Institute of Tropical Forestry); Papp, Viktor (Magyar Agrár- és Élettudományi Egyetem); Qian, Wu (Bureau of Parks and Woods of Mt. Huangshan Administrative Committee, Huangshan, Anhui 245000, China.); Razaq, Abdul (University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences); Semwal, Kamal C (Department of Biology, College of Sciences, Eritrea Institute of Technology, Mai Nafhi, Asmara, Eritrea.); Tang, Li-Zhou (Qujing Normal University); Tian, Xue-Lian (Qujing Normal University); Vallejos-Tapullima, Adela (Universidad Nacional de San Martín); van der Merwe, Nicolaas A (University of Pretoria); Wang, Sheng-Kun (Research Institute of Tropical Forestry); Wang, Chao-Qun (Guangdong Academy of Sciences); Yang, Rui-Heng (Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences); Yu, Fei (Research Institute of Tropical Forestry); Zapparoli, Giacomo (University of Verona); Zhang, Ming (Guangdong Academy of Sciences); Antonín, Vladimir (Moravian Museum); Aptroot, André (ABL Herbarium G.v.d.Veenstraat, 107 NL-3762, XK Soest, The Netherlands.); Aslan, Ali (Van Yüzüncü Yil University; Kyrgyz-Turkish Manas University); Banerjee, Arghya (Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya); Chatterjee, Subrata (Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya); Dirks, Alden C (University of Michigan–Ann Arbor); Ebrahimi, Leila (University of Tehran); Fotouhifar, Khalil-Berdi (University of Tehran); Ghosta, Youbert (Urmia University); Kalinina, Lyudmila B (Botanical Institute VL Komarova); Karahan, Dilara (Karadeniz Technical University); Liu, Jingyu (Purdue University West Lafayette); Maiti, Mrinal Kumar (Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur); Mookherjee, Abhirup (Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur); Nath, Partha Sarathi (Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya); Panja, Birendranath (Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya); Saha, Jayanta (Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya); Ševcíková, Hana (Moravian Museum); Voglmayr, Hermann (University of Vienna; University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences); Yazici, Kenan (Karadeniz Technical University); Haelewaters, Danny (Purdue University West Lafayette; Harvard University; Autonomous University of Chiriqui; Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute)
Abstract:

Thirteen new species are formally described: Cortinarius brunneocarpus from Pakistan, C. lilacinoarmillatus from India, Curvularia khuzestanica on Atriplex lentiformis from Iran, Gloeocantharellus neoechinosporus from China, Laboulbenia bernaliana on species of Apenes, Apristus, and Philophuga (Coleoptera, Carabidae) from Nicaragua and Panama, L. oioveliicola on Oiovelia machadoi (Hemiptera, Veliidae) from Brazil, L. termiticola on Macrotermes subhyalinus (Blattodea, Termitidae) from the DR Congo, Pluteus cutefractus from Slovenia, Rhizoglomus variabile from Peru, Russula phloginea from China, Stagonosporopsis flacciduvarum on Vitis vinifera from Italy, Strobilomyces huangshanensis from China, Uromyces klotzschianus on Rumex dentatus subsp. klotzschianus from Pakistan. The following new records are reported: Alternaria calendulae on Calendula officinalis from India; A. tenuissima on apple and quince fruits from Iran; Candelariella oleaginescens from Turkey; Didymella americana and D. calidophila on Vitis vinifera from Italy; Lasiodiplodia theobromae causing tip blight of Dianella tasmanica 'variegata' from India; Marasmiellus subpruinosus from Madeira, Portugal, new for Macaronesia and Africa; Mycena albidolilacea, M. tenuispinosa, and M. xantholeuca from Russia; Neonectria neomacrospora on Madhuca longifolia from India; Nothophoma quercina on Vitis vinifera from Italy; Plagiosphaera immersa on Urtica dioica from Austria; Rinodina sicula from Turkey; Sphaerosporium lignatile from Wisconsin, USA; and Verrucaria murina from Turkey. Multi-locus analysis of ITS, LSU, rpb1, tef1 sequences revealed that P. immersa, commonly classified within Gnomoniaceae (Diaporthales) or as Sordariomycetes incertae sedis, belongs to Magnaporthaceae (Magnaporthales). Analysis of a six-locus Ascomycota-wide dataset including SSU and LSU sequences of S. lignatile revealed that this species, currently in Ascomycota incertae sedis, belongs to Pyronemataceae (Pezizomycetes, Pezizales).

Citas:46

AÑO:2019
Presence of the point mutations Val1016Gly in the voltage-gated sodium channel detected in a single mosquito from Panama
DOI:10.1186/s13071-019-3309-y
Murcia, Osiris (Universidad de Panamá; Autonomous University of Chiriqui); Henríquez, Brigitte (Instituto Conmemorativo Gorgas de Estudios de la Salud); Castro, Angélica (Instituto Conmemorativo Gorgas de Estudios de la Salud); Koo, Susana (Instituto Conmemorativo Gorgas de Estudios de la Salud); Young, Josue (Instituto Conmemorativo Gorgas de Estudios de la Salud); Márquez, Ricardo (Instituto Conmemorativo Gorgas de Estudios de la Salud); Pérez, Debora (Instituto Conmemorativo Gorgas de Estudios de la Salud); Cáceres, Lorenzo (Instituto Conmemorativo Gorgas de Estudios de la Salud); Valderrama, Anayansi (Instituto Conmemorativo Gorgas de Estudios de la Salud)
Abstract:

BackgroundIn Panama, arboviroses such as dengue fever, and more recently chikungunya fever and Zika disease, are transmitted by Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus. Their control is based on the elimination of breeding sites and fogging with pyrethroid insecticides. However, one of the significant issues derived from the prolonged use of pyrethroid insecticide is the development of resistance mechanisms, such as knockdown resistance or kdr. The objective of this study was to evaluate the presence of kdr mutations in a partial region of the VGSC gene in samples of wild-caught Aedes mosquitoes from different locations of the Metropolitan Region of Panama.ResultsBased on the analysis of 194 sequences of the VGSC gene, two kdr mutations (Ile1011Met and Val1016Gly) were detected in a specimen of Ae. aegypti. The frequency of kdr mutations in the evaluated samples of Ae. aegypti was 0.01.ConclusionsThis study provides evidence for a low frequency of kdr mutations in Ae. aegypti populations in Panama. It is possible that these changes have no impact on vector control interventions. To our knowledge, we report, for the first time in America the Val1016Gly mutation documented in Asia. In general terms, this result is highly relevant to the Aedes Control Programme in Panama since it constitutes a feasible approach for the timely detection of resistance as well as for the development of strategies.

Citas:24

AÑO:2019
Morphological species of Gloeandromyces (Ascomycota, Laboulbeniales) evaluated using single-locus species delimitation methods
DOI:10.3114/fuse.2019.03.03
Haelewaters, D. (Harvard University; Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute; Autonomous University of Chiriqui; University of South Bohemia in Ceské Budejovice); Pfister, D.H. (Harvard University)
Abstract:

In this paper, new species and formae of the genus Gloeandromyces (Ascomycota, Laboulbeniales) are described and illustrated. These are: Gloeandromyces dickii sp. nov. on Trichobius joblingi from Nicaragua and Panama; G. pageanus f. alarum f. nov. on Tri. joblingi from Panama; G. pageanus f. polymorphus f. nov. on Tri. dugesioides and Tri. joblingi from Panama and Trinidad; and G. streblae f. sigmomorphus f. nov. on Tri. joblingi from Panama. Gloeandromyces pageanus on Tri. dugesioides from Panama as described in Nova Hedwigia 105 (2017) is referred to as G. pageanus f. pageanus. Support for these descriptions of species and formae comes from phylogenetic reconstruction of the large subunit ribosomal DNA and from the application of species delimitation methods (ABGD, bPTP, GMYC). Host specialization results in phylogenetic segregation by host species in both G. pageanus and G. streblae and this may represent a case of incipient speciation. A second mechanism driving diversity involves position-induced morphological adaptations, leading to the peculiar morphotypes that are associated to growing on a particular position of the integument (G. pageanus f. alarum, G. streblae f. sigmomorphus).

Citas:17

AÑO:2019
Calyx (con)fusion in a hyper-diverse genus: Parallel evolution of unusual flower patterns in Eugenia (Myrtaceae)
DOI:10.1016/j.ympev.2019.106553
Giaretta, Augusto (Universidade de São Paulo); Vasconcelos, Thais N C (Universidade de São Paulo); Mazine, Fiorella Fernanda (Federal University of São Carlos); Faria, Jair Eustáquio Quintino (University of Brasília); Flores, Rodolfo (Autonomous University of Chiriqui); Holst, Bruce (Marie Selby Botanical Gardens); Sano, Paulo Takeo (Universidade de São Paulo); Lucas, Eve (Royal Botanic Gardens)
Abstract:

Eugenia has a pantropical distribution and comprises ca. 1000 species found mostly in the Neotropics. Recent DNA based phylogenies show that unusual flower morphology of 'eugenioid' collections, e.g. fused calices that open by tearing, consistently emerged within Eugenia. These results emphasize a demand to revaluate flower morphology in a phylogenetic context within the genus. A reassessment of calyx fusion in Eugenia and traditionally related genera is here focused on clarification of the systematic relevance of this apparently recurrent characteristic. Twenty-four Eugenia species with some level of calyx fusion in the bud were newly used (one nuclear and four plastid markers) in conjunction with a representative sample of previously sequenced species to recover a time-calibrated Eugenia phylogeny of 86 accessions. Development of the fused calyx was analysed using scanning electron microscopy, differing patterns were re-coded and subsequently phylogenetic character reconstruction was performed. Eugenia was recovered as monophyletic including the traditionally segregated genera Calycorectes and Catinga. Ancestral character reconstruction uncovered free calyx lobes as the ancestral condition. Five development patterns leading to calyx fusion are reported in Eugenia including species with apparently six petals, which contrast with the standard tetramerous flowers. This condition is interpreted as the petaloid pattern, where two external fused calyx lobes cover the bud while two internal calyx lobes are free and petaloid. The fused calyx condition is homoplastic and evolved independently, several times in Eugenia, as did the different development patterns. Data presented here show that systematic incongruence resulting from multiple, independent origins of the fused calyx in Eugenia is further aggravated by an inability to distinguish parallelism and convergence within the recovered patterns.

Citas:11

AÑO:2019
Biodegradation of Residues from the Palo Santo (Bursera graveolens) Essential Oil Extraction and Their Potential for Enzyme Production Using Native Xylaria Fungi from Southern Ecuador
DOI:10.3390/fermentation5030076
Carrión-Paladines, Vinicio (Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja); Fries, Andreas (Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja); Caballero, Rosa Elena (Autonomous University of Chiriqui); Daniëls, Pablo Pérez (University of Córdoba); García-Ruiz, Roberto (University of Jaén)
Abstract:

The degradation dynamics of lignin and cellulose were analyzed by means of a solid state biodegradation experiment, using residues from the essential oil extraction of the Palo Santo tree (Bursera graveolens). As such, two native Xylaria spp. and an exotic mushroom Trametes versicolor were incubated on the spent substrate (Residues of B. Graveolens, BGR’s). The relatively high lignin and cellulose contents of the BGRs (9.1% and 19%, respectively) indicated the potential of this resource for the production of methane (biogas) and ethanol. However, the degradation of the lignin and cellulose content could be traced back to the relatively high activity of the enzymes laccase, cellulase, and xylanase, produced by the fungi. The results showed that laccase (30.0 U/L and 26.6 U/L), cellulase (27.3 U/L and 35.8 U/L) and xylanase (189.7U/L and 128.3 U/L) activities of Xylaria feejeensis and Xylaria cf. microceras were generally higher than T. versicolor (9.0 U/L, 29.5 U/L, 99.5 U/L respectively). Furthermore, the total carbon (TC: 47.3%), total nitrogen (TN: 1.5%), total phosphorus (TP: 0.2%) and total potassium (TK: 1.2%) dynamics were analyzed during the experiment and their importance for the degradation process highlighted. The results of this work might serve as guidance for future studies in dry forest areas, while furthering the understanding of the potential use of native fungi as ecologic lignocellulosic decomposers and for industrial proposes.

Citas:7

AÑO:2019
Effects of multiple stressors associated with agriculture on stream macroinvertebrate communities in a tropical catchment
DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0220528
Cornejo, Aydeé (Instituto Conmemorativo Gorgas de Estudios de la Salud; Universidad de Panamá); Tonin, Alan M. (University of Brasília); Checa, Brenda (Ministerio de Desarrollo Agropecuario); Tuñon, Ana Raquel (Environmental Quality Laboratory of the Ministry of Environment, Panama City, Panama); Pérez, Diana (Pacific Mariculture Station, Aquatic Resources Authority of Panama (ARAP), Panama City, Panama); Coronado, Enilda (Ministerio de Desarrollo Agropecuario); González, Stefani (Ministerio de Desarrollo Agropecuario); Ríos, Tomás (Autonomous University of Chiriqui); Macchi, Pablo (National University of Río Negro; National University of Comahue); Correa-Araneda, Francisco (Universidad Autónoma de Chile); Boyero, Luz (University of the Basque Country; Ikerbasque)
Abstract:

Tropical forests are declining at unprecedented rates in favour of agriculture, and streams can be severely impacted due to effects of multiple stressors that have rarely been considered together in tropical studies. We studied the effects of multiple stressors associated with agricultural practices (pesticide toxicity, nutrient enrichment and habitat alteration-quantified as TUmax, soluble reactive phosphorus concentration and sedimentation, respectively) on macroinvertebrate communities in a tropical catchment in Panama (13 stream sites sampled in 20 occasions from 2015 to 2017, with 260 samples in total). We examined how macroinvertebrate abundance, taxonomic richness, community composition and biotic indices (SPEAR and BMWP/PAN, which were specifically designed to detect pesticide toxicity and nutrient enrichment, respectively) varied depending on the studied stressors, considering their single and combined effects. Our analyses revealed significant effects of the studied stressors on macroinvertebrate communities, with two particular results that merit further attention: (1) the fact that pesticide toxicity affected BMWP/PAN, but not SPEAR, possibly because the former had been adapted for local fauna; and (2) that most stressors showed antagonistic interactions (i.e., lower combined effects than expected from their individual effects). These results highlight the need for toxicity bioassays with tropical species that allow adaptations of biotic indices, and of observational and manipulative studies exploring the combined effects of multiple stressors on tropical macroinvertebrate communities and ecosystems, in order to predict and manage future anthropogenic impacts on tropical streams.

Citas:39

AÑO:2019
Optical Properties in Anodized Aluminum Oxide Films Propiedades ópticas en Peliculas de óxido de Aluminio Anodizado
DOI:10.1109/iestec46403.2019.00021
Fábrega, Ivonne (Autonomous University of Chiriqui); Bethancour, Gricelda (Universidad Tecnológica de Panamá); Miranda, Hector (Universidad Tecnológica de Panamá); de Obaldía, Elida (Universidad Tecnológica de Panamá); Ching, Eleicer (Universidad Tecnológica de Panamá); Abrego, Ildemán (Universidad Tecnológica de Panamá)
Abstract:

In this work were prepared samples of aluminum oxide, using electrochemistry technique of anodization obtaining different thicknesses. The morphology of the specimens was characterized through scanning electronic microscopy (SEM). The individual composition of the formed structure was determined using energy dispersive Rx (EDX) spectroscopy and optical properties of Nanoporous films were studied by measurements of transmittance in the region of ultraviolet visible. The diameter of the pores is approximately (22.6 ± 4.7) nm and depth of pores ranging from 9 to 54 µm. For all the prepared samples, the average transmittance in the region of the visible (400-700 nm) is around (50 – 74) %. The energy band gap is approximately in 6.5 eV indicating that exist unoccupied states due to vacancy of oxygen, which function as electron traps and hole.

Citas:0

AÑO:2019
Elevational patterns of bryophyte and lichen biomass differ among substrates in the tropical montane forest of Baru Volcano, Panama
DOI:10.1080/03736687.2019.1584433
Rodríguez-Quiel, Eyvar E. (Philipps University of Marburg; Autonomous University of Chiriqui); Mendieta-Leiva, Glenda (Philipps University of Marburg); Bader, Maaike Y. (Philipps University of Marburg)
Abstract:

Introduction. Tropical montane forests support a high abundance and diversity of bryophytes and lichens on different substrates. However, quantitative information about how their biomass and water-holding capacity change with elevation is scarce. The current project assessed variation in the biomass and water-holding capacity of bryophytes and lichens on Baru Volcano, Panama. Methods. On the western slope, the bryophyte and lichen layer was collected from 600 cm2 plots on six substrate types with four replications at eight elevations along a gradient from 1900 to 3300 m a.s.l. We recorded the thickness, water-holding capacity and biomass of all samples, as well as environmental parameters. Key results. At lower elevations substrates had a similar biomass and water-holding capacity per area, but with increasing elevation terricolous substrates showed the strongest increase (highest values at 3100 m). These patterns are associated with climatic variation along the gradient. At the highest elevations, the forest was of low stature and more light reached the forest floor. Also at these high elevations fog provides a daily wetting of the bryophytes and lichens. At lower elevations the water supply is increasingly in the form of rain, which is less frequent than the fog. Conclusions. The apparent strong coupling of biomass variations to precipitation regimes implies a high sensitivity of the bryophytes and lichens to climatic warming and changes in the cloud base elevation. Furthermore our data suggest that the importance of bryophytes and lichens for regulating ecosystem water fluxes increases with elevation, which underlines the necessity to conserve intact montane forests.

Citas:19

AÑO:2019
Plastid phylogenomics resolves ambiguous relationships within the orchid family and provides a solid timeframe for biogeography and macroevolution
DOI:10.1101/774018
Serna-Sánchez, Maria Alejandra (Corporación para Investigaciones Biológicas; EAFIT University); Pérez-Escobar, Oscar A. (Royal Botanic Gardens); Bogarín, Diego (University of Costa Rica; Naturalis Biodiversity Center; Autonomous University of Chiriqui); Torres, María Fernanda (University of Gothenburg); Alvarez-Yela, Astrid Catalina (Centro de Bioinformática y Biología Computacional (BIOS). Ecoparque Los Yarumos Edificio BIOS, Manizales, Colombia); Arcila, Juliana E. (Corporación para Investigaciones Biológicas); Hall, Climbie F. (Instituto de Botânica); de Barros, Fábio (Instituto de Botânica); Pinheiro, Fábio (State University of Campinas); Dodsworth, Steven (University of Bedfordshire); Chase, Mark W. (Royal Botanic Gardens); Antonelli, Alexandre (Royal Botanic Gardens; University of Gothenburg; University of Oxford); Arias, Tatiana (Corporación para Investigaciones Biológicas; Centro de Bioinformática y Biología Computacional (BIOS). Ecoparque Los Yarumos Edificio BIOS, Manizales, Colombia; Antioquia Institute of Technology)
Abstract:

ABSTRACT Recent phylogenomic analyses based on the maternally inherited plastid organelle have enlightened evolutionary relationships between the subfamilies of Orchidaceae and most of the tribes. However, uncertainty remains within several subtribes and genera for which phylogenetic relationships have not ever been tested in a phylogenomic context. To address these knowledge-gaps, we here provide the most extensively sampled analysis of the orchid family to date, based on 78 plastid coding genes representing 264 species, 117 genera, 18 tribes and 28 subtribes. Divergence times are also provided as inferred from strict and relaxed molecular clocks and birth-death tree models. Our taxon sampling includes 51 newly sequenced plastid genomes produced by a genome skimming approach. We focus our sampling efforts on previously unplaced clades within tribes Cymbidieae and Epidendreae. Our results confirmed phylogenetic relationships in Orchidaceae as recovered in previous studies, most of which were recovered with maximum support (209 of the 262 tree nodes). We provide for the first time a clear phylogenetic placement for Codonorchideae within subfamily Orchidoideae, and Podochilieae and Collabieae within subfamily Epidendroideae. We also identify relationships that have been persistently problematic across multiple studies, regardless of the different details of sampling and genomic datasets used for phylogenetic reconstructions. Our study provides an expanded, robust temporal phylogenomic framework of the Orchidaceae that paves the way for biogeographical and macroevolutionary studies.

Citas:2

AÑO:2019
Fermentation of Musa paradisiaca Peels to Produce Citric Acid
DOI:10.1155/2019/8356712
Monrroy, Mariel (Autonomous University of Chiriqui; Autonomous University of Chiriqui); Rueda, Lineth (Autonomous University of Chiriqui; Autonomous University of Chiriqui); Aparicio, Anaís L. (Autonomous University of Chiriqui; Autonomous University of Chiriqui); García, José Renán (Autonomous University of Chiriqui; Autonomous University of Chiriqui)
Abstract:

Among organic acids, citric acid (CA) features the highest production volume and the greatest economic potential. The steadily increasing demand for CA necessitates the improvement and diversification of the corresponding production techniques via the incorporation of more environmentally friendly and less costly processes such as the bioconversion of agroindustrial by-products. Musa paradisiaca , known as plantain, is a food product of global importance; however, the related by-products are scarcely utilized. Herein, we investigate CA production from M. paradisiaca peels via fermentation with Aspergillus niger . Compositional analysis shows that the above peels contain 623 g·kg -1 total carbohydrates, 374 g·kg -1 starch, and 91 g·kg -1 protein and therefore are rather rich in carbon, with other elements contained in substantial amounts corresponding to K (28 g·kg -1 ), N (10 g·kg -1 ), Fe (39 mg·kg -1 ), Na (71 mg·kg -1 ), Zn (16 mg·kg -1 ), and Cu (18 mg·kg -1 ). Evaluation of solid-substrate fermentation conditions (pH and inoculum loading) reveals that CA production is maximized (29 g·kg -1 ) at 10% consistency, 30°C, pH 1.4, and inoculum loading = 20 mg, demonstrating that pH is the most important parameter determining fermentation efficiency. As a result, M. paradisiaca peels are concluded to be a suitable substrate for CA biosynthesis via fermentation with A. niger under optimal nutritional conditions.

Citas:12

AÑO:2018
A tripartite survey of hyperparasitic fungi associated with ectoparasitic flies on bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera) in a neotropical cloud forest in Panama
DOI:10.1051/parasite/2018017
Walker, Melissa J. (Department of Ecology, Environment and Evolution, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, Bundoora, Victoria, 3083, Australia; Western Sydney University); Dorrestein, Annabel (Western Sydney University; Utrecht University); Camacho, Jasmin J. (Harvard University); Meckler, Lauren A. (University of Delaware); Silas, Kirk A. (Painted Sky Road, Reading, Pennsylvania, 19606, USA); Hiller, Thomas (University of Ulm); Haelewaters, Danny (Harvard University; Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute; Autonomous University of Chiriqui)
Abstract:

The Darién province in eastern Panama is one of the most unexplored and biodiverse regions in the world. The Chucantí Nature Reserve, in Serranía de Majé, consists of a diverse tropical cloud forest ecosystem. The aim of this research was to explore and study host associations of a tripartite system of bats, ectoparasitic flies on bats (Diptera, Streblidae), and ectoparasitic fungi (Ascomycota, Laboulbeniales) that use bat flies as hosts. We captured bats at Chucantí, screened each bat for presence of bat flies, and screened collected bat flies for presence of Laboulbeniales. We mistnetted for 68 mistnet hours and captured 227 bats representing 17 species. We captured Micronycteris schmidtorum, a species previously unreported in Darién. In addition, we encountered the rarely collected Platyrrhinus dorsalis, representing the westernmost report for this species. Of all captured bats, 148 carried bat flies (65%). The number of sampled bat flies was 437, representing 16 species. One species represents a new country record (Trichobius anducei) and five species represent first reports for Darién (Basilia anceps, Anatrichobius scorzai, Nycterophilia parnelli, T. johnsonae, T. parasiticus). All 74 bat fly species currently reported in Panama are presented in tabulated form. Of all screened bat flies, 30 bore Laboulbeniales fungi (7%). Based on both morphology and large ribosomal subunit (LSU) sequence data, we delimited 7 species of Laboulbeniales: Gloeandromyces nycteribiidarum (newly reported for Panama), G. pageanus, G. streblae, Nycteromyces streblidinus, and 3 undescribed species. Of the 30 infected flies, 21 were Trichobius joblingi. This species was the only host on which we observed double infections of Laboulbeniales.

Citas:24

AÑO:2018
A new Maxillariella (Orchidaceae: Maxillariinae) from Costa Rica and Panama
DOI:10.1007/s12228-018-9542-4
Bogarín, Diego (University of Costa Rica; Autonomous University of Chiriqui); Serracín, Zuleika (Autonomous University of Chiriqui); Samudio, Zabdy (Autonomous University of Chiriqui)
Abstract:

Maxillariella prostrata, a new species from Costa Rica and Panama is described and illustrated. This species is similar to M. acervata but differs in having a prostrate habit, elliptic leaves up to 2 cm long, pseudobulbs with two unequal apical leaves, one larger and the other smaller, a red-spotted lip, the column apex entire, and the pollinarium made up of two small globose pollinia on an oblong stipe. Maxillariella prostrata also resembles M. dichaeoides from Ecuador and Peru but differs in having yellow to white flowers spotted with red, and the lip with a well-defined callus.

Citas:1

AÑO:2018
New phyllosphere hyphomycetes from the montane fagaceous-bamboo forests of Panama
DOI:10.1007/s40858-018-0260-y
Kirschner, Roland (National Central University); Villarreal, Rosa V. S. (Autonomous University of Chiriqui); Hofmann, Tina A. (Autonomous University of Chiriqui)
Abstract:

Foliicolous fungi were collected on living plants of mycologically rarely explored plant families in the montane Quercus-Chusquea forest of western Panama. Five new species of the genera Periconiella, Pseudocercospora, Sporidesmium, and Zasmidium are morphologically described from living leaves of Myrsine coriacea (Primulaceae) and Clusia stenophylla (Clusiaceae). A species of Bomarea (B. caldasii, Alstroemeriaceae) is recorded as host for a cercosporoid fungus (Cercospora apii s.lat.) for the first time.

Citas:2

AÑO:2018
A new epiphytic species of Notopleura (Rubiaceae) from Chucantí Nature Reserve, eastern Panama
DOI:10.1080/00837792.2018.1504264
Flores, Rodolfo (Autonomous University of Chiriqui); Taylor, Charlotte M. (Missouri Botanical Garden); McPherson, Gordon (Missouri Botanical Garden); Ibáñez, Alicia (Independent, Gamboa, Panamá)
Abstract:

The new species Notopleura sallydavidsoniae R.Flores & C.M.Taylor is here described and illustrated. It can be recognised by the following combination of characters: epiphytic habit, succulent stems and leaves, stipules sheathing at base and free portion ligulate with c. 8–10 glandular setae or appendages, well-developed bracts, five-merous flowers, rather well-developed calyx and fruits with two pyrenes. Eastern Panama is not well known botanically, but is part of the region that is the centre of species diversity for the epiphytic subgenus of Notopleura as well as for the genus overall.

Citas:2

AÑO:2018
Juárez, P., Flores, R. & Blanco, M.A. (2018) Bauhinia proboscidea (Fabaceae: Cercidoideae), a new species from Costa Rica and Panama, with notes on B. beguinotii , B. gorgonae and B. pansamalana. Phytotaxa 361 (1): 25–40.
DOI:10.11646/phytotaxa.362.2.12
JUÁREZ, PEDRO (Investigador Asociado, Herbario Nacional de Costa Rica. Departamento de Historia Natural, Museo Nacional de Costa Rica, Apdo. 749-1000, San Joseì, Costa Rica); FLORES, RODOLFO (Autonomous University of Chiriqui); BLANCO, MARIO A. (University of Costa Rica)
Abstract:

Juárez, P., Flores, R. & Blanco, M.A. (2018) Bauhinia proboscidea (Fabaceae: Cercidoideae), a new species from Costa Rica and Panama, with notes on B. beguinotii , B. gorgonae and B. pansamalana. Phytotaxa 361 (1): 25–40.

Citas:0

AÑO:2018
New neotropical species of Phyllachorales based on molecular, morphological, and ecological data
DOI:10.1080/00275514.2018.1481720
Mardones, Melissa (Goethe University Frankfurt; University of Costa Rica); Trampe-Jaschik, Tanja (Goethe University Frankfurt); Hofmann, Tina A. (Autonomous University of Chiriqui); Mangelsdorff, Ralph D. (Goethe University Frankfurt); Piepenbring, Meike (Goethe University Frankfurt)
Abstract:

Species of tropical tar spot fungi (Phyllachorales, Ascomycota) are obligate biotrophic plant parasitic fungi associated with living leaves of a wide range of families of host plants, mainly in tropical and subtropical regions. In this study, samples of tropical tar spot fungi were collected in forests in Costa Rica and Panamá. To identify taxa, we used morphology and information on host plants and combined multigene phylogeny of four genes: the large subunit nuclear ribosomal DNA (28S rDNA), the small subunit nuclear ribosomal DNA (18S rDNA), the complete internal transcribed spacer region of ribosomal DNA (nuc rDNA ITS1-5.8S-ITS2; ITS), and the translation elongation factor 1-a (tef1). Here we propose one new species in the genus Camarotella and eight new species in Telimena with their morphological descriptions, illustrations, and sequence data. The newly described species are Camarotella licaniae on Licania arborea (Chrysobalanaceae) and in the genus Telimena: T. billiae on Billia rosea (Sapindaceae), T. drymoniae on Drymonia multiflora (Gesneriaceae), T. hydrangeae on Hydrangea sp. (Hydrangeaceae), T. miravallensis on Symplocos panamensis (Symplocaceae), T. protii on Protium sp. (Burseraceae), T. rinoreae on Rinorea sp. (Violaceae), T. semialarii on Semialarium mexicanum (Celastraceae), and T. triseptata on Tapirira mexicana (Anacardiaceae). The new name Telimena nitens on Schlegelia brachyanta (Schlegeliaceae) is presented and 10 species of Phyllachora are transferred to Telimena, leading to the new combinations T. canarii, T. galavisii, T. insueta, T. ruelliae, T. scutiformis, T. serjaniicola, T. spicatae, T. subrepens, T. symploci, and T. symplocicola. Additionally, revisions of tar spot fungi on host families Burseraceae, Sapindaceae, and Symplocaceae are provided, and four new synonyms are proposed.

Citas:4

AÑO:2018
Anchored hybrid enrichment generated nuclear, plastid and mitochondrial markers resolve the Lepanthes horrida (Orchidaceae: Pleurothallidinae) species complex
DOI:10.1016/j.ympev.2018.07.014
Bogarín, Diego (University of Costa Rica; Autonomous University of Chiriqui; Naturalis Biodiversity Center; Leiden University); Pérez-Escobar, Oscar Alejandro (Royal Botanic Gardens); Groenenberg, Dick (Naturalis Biodiversity Center); Holland, Sean D (Florida State University); Karremans, Adam P (University of Costa Rica; Naturalis Biodiversity Center); Lemmon, Emily Moriarty (Florida State University); Lemmon, Alan R (Florida State University); Pupulin, Franco (University of Costa Rica); Smets, Erik (Naturalis Biodiversity Center; Leiden University; KU Leuven); Gravendeel, Barbara (Naturalis Biodiversity Center; University of Applied Sciences Leiden; Leiden University)
Abstract:

Phylogenetic relationships in species complexes and lineages derived from rapid diversifications are often challenging to resolve using morphology or standard DNA barcoding markers. The hyper-diverse genus Lepanthes from Neotropical cloud forest includes over 1200 species and many recent, explosive diversifications that have resulted in poorly supported nodes and morphological convergence across clades. Here, we assess the performance of 446 nuclear-plastid-mitochondrial markers derived from an anchored hybrid enrichment approach (AHE) coupled with coalescence- and species network-based inferences to resolve phylogenetic relationships and improve species recognition in the Lepanthes horrida species group. In addition to using orchid-specific probes to increase enrichment efficiency, we improved gene tree resolution by extending standard angiosperm targets into adjacent exons. We found high topological discordance among individual gene trees, suggesting that hybridization/polyploidy may have promoted speciation in the lineage via formation of new hybrid taxa. In addition, we identified ten loci with the highest phylogenetic informativeness values from these genomes. Most previous phylogenetic sampling in the Pleurothallidinae relies on two regions (ITS and matK), therefore, the evaluation of other markers such as those shown here may be useful in future phylogenetic studies in the orchid family. Coalescent-based species tree estimation methods resolved the phylogenetic relationships of the L. horrida species group. The resolution of the phylogenetic estimations was improved with the inclusion of extended anchor targets. This approach produced longer loci with higher discriminative power. These analyses also disclosed two undescribed species, L. amicitiae and L. genetoapophantica, formally described here, which are also supported by morphology. Our study demonstrates the utility of combined genomic evidence to disentangle phylogenetic relationships at very shallow levels of the tree of life, and in clades showing convergent trait evolution. With a fully resolved phylogeny, is it possible to disentangle traits evolving in parallel or convergently across these orchid lineages such as flower color and size from diagnostic traits such as the shape and orientation of the lobes of the petals and lip.

Citas:51

AÑO:2018
Pollination of Trichosalpinx (Orchidaceae: Pleurothallidinae) by biting midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae)
DOI:10.1093/botlinnean/box087
BogarÍn, Diego (University of Costa Rica; Autonomous University of Chiriqui; Naturalis Biodiversity Center; Leiden University); FernÁndez, Melania (University of Costa Rica; Autonomous University of Chiriqui); Borkent, Art (Royal British Columbia Museum); Heemskerk, Anton (University of Applied Sciences Leiden); Pupulin, Franco (University of Costa Rica); RamÍrez, Santiago (University of California, Davis); Smets, Erik (Naturalis Biodiversity Center; Leiden University; KU Leuven); Gravendeel, Barbara (Naturalis Biodiversity Center; Leiden University; University of Applied Sciences Leiden)
Abstract:

Pleurothallidinae (Epidendreae) are a megadiverse Neotropical orchid subtribe comprising > 5100 species, most of which are probably pollinated by Diptera. The role of pollinators as drivers of species diversity is largely unknown because knowledge of pollination systems in Pleurothallidinae is still scarce. Here, we addressed the pollination of Trichosalpinx s.s. through study of floral anatomy, pollinator behaviour and floral traits shared with other angiosperms to elucidate its pollination mechanisms. We identified midge specimens with DNA barcoding and morphology, documented pollination with video recordings, studied the anatomy of flowers by combining microscopy (light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy) and histochemistry and analysed floral scents with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. We found that two Trichosalpinx spp. are pollinated exclusively by female biting midges of a Forcipomyia (Euprojoannisia) sp. (Ceratopogonidae). The midges land on the motile lip and appear to suck substances from its papillose surface. We detected secretion of carbohydrates and proteins on the lip and sepals, and thus, Trichosalpinx might stimulate a protein collection instinct in female biting midges. The well-developed mandibles and poorly developed laciniae of the pollinators indicate that they mainly feed on invertebrate hosts from which they draw haemolymph. Thus, Trichosalpinx flowers offer small quantities of proteins and carbohydrates that may act as flavour teases and together with the colour, fragrances, trichomes and movement of the lip, they probably form part of a complex deceptive system. Some other angiosperms that are also pollinated by biting midges possess similar dark purple flowers with ciliate ornamentation and use myophily, sapromyophily or kleptomyiophily as strategies to exploit different families of Diptera as pollinators. One Forcipomyia sp. (Euprojoannisia) is kleptoparasitic, suggesting that kleptomyiophily may have evolved in Trichosalpinx. The similar floral morphology among members of Trichosalpinx and some species of the closely related genera Anathallis and Lankesteriana suggests that they are also pollinated by biting midges.

Citas:28

AÑO:2018
The Plecoptera of Panama. II. Two new species, one new country record, and additional locality records of Anacroneuria (Perlidae) from western Panama
DOI:10.11646/zootaxa.4459.2.6
STARK, BILL P. (Mississippi College); ARMITAGE, BRIAN J. (Autonomous University of Chiriqui)
Abstract:

Two new species of Anacroneuria (A. chiriqui sp. n. and A. ngabe sp. n.) are described from Chiriqui Province, Panama, and compared with related species. One new country record, A. divisa (Navás), is herein recorded and new locality records are presented for several species previously reported from Panama. Three unassociated females, including one species from Bocas del Toro province are described under informal designations. There are now 25 described species of Plecoptera known from Panama.

Citas:0

AÑO:2018
Fuzzy clustering approach for brain tumor tissue segmentation in magnetic resonance images
DOI:10.1007/s00500-018-3565-3
Rodríguez-Méndez, Iván A. (University of Granada; Autonomous University of Chiriqui); Ureña, Raquel. (De Montfort University); Herrera-Viedma, Enrique (University of Granada)
Abstract:

The early and accurate detection of brain tumors is key to improve the quality of life and the survival of cancer patients. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a widely used imaging technique to assess these tumors, but the large amount of data produced by MRI prevents manual segmentation in a reasonable time, limiting the use of precise quantitative measurements in the clinical practice. Consequently, automatic and reliable segmentation methods are required. However, the large spatial and structural variability among brain tumors make automatic segmentation a challenging problem. In this contribution, we present a new model of segmentation of brain magnetic resonance images. In order to obtain the region of interest, we propose a hybrid approach that carries out both fuzzy c-mean algorithm and multiobjective optimization taking into account both compactness and separation in the clusters with the purpose of improving the cluster center detection and speed up the convergence time. This new segmentation approach is a key component of the proposed magnetic resonance image-based classification system for brain tumors. Experimental results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed approach using the DICOM MRI database.

Citas:14

AÑO:2018
Panama, a hot spot for Hermatomyces (Hermatomycetaceae, Pleosporales) with five new species, and a critical synopsis of the genus
DOI:10.5598/imafungus.2018.09.01.08
Koukol, Ondrej (Charles University); Delgado, Gregorio (EMLab P&K Houston, 10900 Brittmoore Park Dr. Suite G, 77041, Houston, TX, USA; Goethe University Frankfurt); Hofmann, Tina A. (Autonomous University of Chiriqui); Piepenbring, Meike (Goethe University Frankfurt)
Abstract:

Five new species belonging to Hermatomyces (Hermatomycetaceae, Pleosporales) are described based on morphological investigations of specimens collected on rotten twigs and stems of various plants in Panama as well as phylogenetic analyses of sequence data of nuclear ribosomal and protein coding genes (EF1 -a. RPB2, ß-TUB). The new species are described as: Hermatomyces bifurcatus, H. constrictus, H. megasporus, H. sphaericoides, and H. verrucosus spp. nov. Previously described species such as H. sphaericus and H. tucumanensis were identified among the studied specimens. The new combination, H. reticulatus, is made for Subicularium reticulatum based on examination of the holotype and fresh collections. Hermatomyces subiculosus, originally described from Thailand, is reduced to synonymy with H. reticulatus; H. tectonae is synonymized under H. sphaericus based on morphological and molecular evidence; and H. chiangmaiensis and H. thailandicus are considered later synonyms of H. krabiensis and H. indicus, respectively. The type material of Scyphostroma mirum was found to be conspecific with H. tucumanensis and, therefore, the generic name Hermatomyces should be conserved or protected against the older name Scyphostroma and the binomial H. tucumanensis against S. mirum. Sixteen species of Hermatomyces are recognized, their distinctive characteristics are highlighted in line drawings and a key is provided for their identification. The peculiar morphology and consistent phylogeny of new and previously known Hermatomyces species supports the recognition of the recently introduced monotypic family Hermatomycetaceae as a well delimited monophyletic taxon within the order Pleosporales.

Citas:18

AÑO:2017
Extraction and Physicochemical Characterization of Mucilage from Opuntia cochenillifera (L.) Miller
DOI:10.1155/2017/4301901
Monrroy, Mariel (Autonomous University of Chiriqui; Autonomous University of Chiriqui); García, Erick (Autonomous University of Chiriqui; Autonomous University of Chiriqui); Ríos, Katherine (Autonomous University of Chiriqui; Autonomous University of Chiriqui); García, José Renán (Autonomous University of Chiriqui; Autonomous University of Chiriqui)
Abstract:

The aim of this study was to extract mucilage from O. cochenillifera (L.) cacti and determine its functional and physicochemical properties. The best mucilage yield (31%) was obtained by nonthermal extraction with hydration. The mucilage has appreciable carbohydrate and protein contents. The phytochemical analysis shown the presence of alkaloids and terpenes/steroids. The Fourier transformed infrared (FT-IR) spectrum of the mucilage exhibits typical bands for carbohydrates as O–H, C–H, and –COO - . The mucilage demonstrated water- and oil-holding capacities of 2.78 g water/g dry mucilage and 1.80 g oil/g dry mucilage, respectively, these properties can have a positive effect on the texture of the products when used as a stabilizer. The mildly acidic pH (4.8–5) contributes to its emulsifying capacity. The presence of electrolytes in the mucilage can be of great value in flocculation processes. The mucilage forms low viscosity solutions in the same manner as gum Arabic. Finally, its potential for use as a textile dye remover was evaluated, achieving a 70% removal rate from aqueous solutions. The prepared mucilage exhibits properties that recommend it as a natural material that can be used as an additive in the chemical, food, pharmaceuticals and cosmetics industries, as well as in decontamination processes.

Citas:87

AÑO:2017
First description of the male and redescription of the female of Ixodes tapirus Kohls, 1956 (Acari: Ixodidae), a parasite of tapirs (Perissodactyla: Tapiridae) from the mountains of Colombia, Costa Rica and Panama
DOI:10.1007/s11230-017-9706-8
Apanaskevich, Dmitry A. (Georgia Southern University); Domínguez, Lillian G. (Instituto Conmemorativo Gorgas de Estudios de la Salud); Torres, Sugeys S. (Instituto Conmemorativo Gorgas de Estudios de la Salud); Bernal, Juan A. (Autonomous University of Chiriqui); Montenegro, Victor M. (National University of Costa Rica); Bermúdez, Sergio E. (Instituto Conmemorativo Gorgas de Estudios de la Salud)
Abstract:

The male of Ixodes tapirus Kohls, 1956 (Acari: Ixodidae) is described for the first time and the female is redescribed in greater detail. Adults of I. tapirus are similar to those of Ixodes guatemalensis Kohls, 1956, Ixodes lasallei Méndez & Ortiz, 1958, Ixodes montoyanus Cooley, 1944 and Ixodes venezuelensis Kohls, 1953 but can be distinguished by their overall size, the amount of sclerotisation of the conscutum and accessory plates, the shape of the scutum, the number of punctations and their pattern on the conscutum and scutum, the depth of the punctations on the basis capituli dorsally, the shape and size of the porose areas and the size and shape of the auriculae. Adults of I. tapirus were collected from tapirs and vegetation in the mountains of Colombia, Panama and recorded from Costa Rica for the first time.

Citas:9

AÑO:2017
Anacroneuria (Plecoptera: Perlidae) from Caldera River, Chiriquí, Panamá, with new distribution records, and comments on altitudinal distribution and seasonal variation
DOI:10.15517/rbt.v66i1.28924
Sánchez, Kayla Castillo (Autonomous University of Chiriqui); Aguirre, Yusseff (Universidad de Panamá); González, Tomás Ríos (Programa Centroamericano de Maestría en Entomología, Universidad de Panamá Museo de Peces de Agua Dulce e Invertebrados, Universidad Autónoma de Chiriquí); VEGA, Juan Antonio BERNAL (Autonomous University of Chiriqui)
Abstract:

Plecoptera es un grupo basal de insectos acuáticos, también conocidos como “moscas de piedra”. Con el objetivo de contribuir al conocimiento taxonómico y ecológico del género Anacroneuria , se realizaron recolectas de ninfas en la parte alta y media del río Caldera, en la provincia de Chiriquí. Para esto se hicieron giras de campo una vez al mes de enero a diciembre de 2015. En siete estaciones de muestreo, se recolectaron ninfas en rocas y hojarasca sumergida, de forma manual con pinzas entomológicas y con red triangular, para su posterior cría en sistemas de acuarios en el laboratorio. Se recolectaron 485 ninfas, con la emergencia de 138 adultos. Cinco especies de Anacroneuria : Anacroneuria annulipalpis Klapálek, 1922, A. benedettoi Stark, 1998, A. planicollis Klapálek, 1923, A. quetzali Gutiérrez-Fonseca y Springer, 2015 , A. marca Stark, 1998 y dos especies no identificadas fueron determinadas a través de la crianza de ninfas en laboratorio. El rango de distribución de A. benedettoi fue extendido a la provincia de Chiriquí. El primer registro de A. quetzali para Panamá es comentado. Se aporta datos de distribución altitudinal, variabilidad estacional y requerimientos ambientales. Se recomienda ampliar los estudios sobre las asociaciones de ninfas con las formas adultas en otras áreas de Panamá y del Neotrópico, así como incrementar el conocimiento sobre la biología y ecología de este grupo.

Citas:2

AÑO:2017
Preliminary chemical studies in Chrysobalanus icaco leaves and seeds from Panamá
DOI:10.1055/s-0037-1608544
Patiño, L (Autonomous University of Chiriqui); Villagra, E (Autonomous University of Chiriqui); Palermo, J (University of Buenos Aires); de Guevara, V (Autonomous University of Chiriqui)
Abstract:

nan

Citas:0

AÑO:2017
Ticks and tick-borne pathogens of dogs along an elevational and land-use gradient in Chiriquí province, Panamá
DOI:10.1007/s10493-017-0116-z
Ferrell, A. Michelle (University of Richmond); Brinkerhoff, R. Jory (University of Richmond; University of KwaZulu-Natal); Bernal, Juan (Autonomous University of Chiriqui); Bermúdez, Sergio E (Instituto Conmemorativo Gorgas de Estudios de la Salud)
Abstract:

Abstract Systematic acarological surveys are useful tools in assessing risk to tick-borne infections, especially in areas where consistent clinical surveillance for tick-borne disease is lacking. Our goal was to identify environmental predictors of tick burdens on dogs and tick-borne infectious agents in dog-derived ticks in the Chiriquí Province of western Panama to draw inferences about spatio-temporal variation in human risk to tick-borne diseases. We used a model-selection approach to test the relative importance of elevation, human population size, vegetative cover, and change in landuse on patterns of tick parasitism on dogs. We collected 2074 ticks, representing four species (Rhipicephalus sanguineus, R. microplus, Amblyomma ovale, and Ixodes boliviensis) from 355 dogs. Tick prevalence ranged from 0 to 74% among the sites we sampled, and abundance ranged from 0 to 20.4 ticks per dog with R. sanguineus s.l. being the most commonly detected tick species (97% of all ticks sampled). Whereas elevation was the best single determinant of tick prevalence and abundance on dogs, the top models also included predictor variables describing vegetation cover and landuse change. Specifically, low-elevation areas associated with decreasing vegetative cover were associated with highest tick occurrence on dogs, potentially because of the affinity of R. sanguineus for human dwellings. Although we found low prevalence of tick-borne pathogen genera (two Rickettsia-positive ticks, no R. rickettsia or Ehrlichia spp.) in our study, all of the tick species we collected from dogs are known vectors of zoonotic pathogens. In areas where epidemiological surveillance infrastructure is limited, field-based assessments of acarological risk can be useful and cost-effective tools in efforts to identify high-risk environments for tick-transmitted pathogens.

Citas:10

AÑO:2017
Medicinal natural plant studies in Panama
DOI:10.1055/s-0037-1608545
Patiño, L (Autonomous University of Chiriqui)
Abstract:

nan

Citas:0

AÑO:2017
Lepanthes aures-ursinae and L. vertebrata spp. nov. (Orchidaceae: Pleurothallidinae) from Panama
DOI:10.1111/njb.01292
Bogarín, Diego (University of Costa Rica; Naturalis Biodiversity Center); Fernández, Melania (University of Costa Rica; Autonomous University of Chiriqui); Serracín, Zuleika (Autonomous University of Chiriqui)
Abstract:

Panama is still far from completing its orchid flora inventories, where large genera such as Lepanthes (Pleurothallidinae) reveal novelties regularly. Here, we describe and illustrate two new species of Lepanthes. Lepanthes aures-ursinae is similar to L. micellilabia but differs by the orbicular-ovate, obtuse, convex leaves, larger sepals 2.7–3.0 × 2.2–2.3 mm the yellow petals, shorter column to 1 mm long and Y-shaped bi-laminate lip with the blades embracing the column and the body elongated towards the base of the column forming a cylindric structure. Lepanthes vertebrata is most similar to L. demissa , from which it can be distinguished by the inflorescences bearing 20–73 pedicels in well-developed inflorescences, the vinaceous flowers, the larger lateral sepals to 6.0 × 2.3 mm, wider petals to 4.5 mm with the lower lobe longer than the blades of the lip, narrowly oblong upper lobe of petals, oblong lower lobe, shorter lip ca 1 mm long with ovate pink blades and ventral stigma. Data on distribution, habitat and ecology, etymology and phenology are provided for each species.

Citas:1

AÑO:2017
Two endoparasitic powdery mildews (Erysiphales, Phyllactinieae) from Panama: Phyllactinia obclavata and Leveillula contractirostris
DOI:10.1007/s40858-017-0169-x
Kirschner, R. (National Central University); Hofmann, Tina A. (Autonomous University of Chiriqui); Piepenbring, M. (Goethe University Frankfurt)
Abstract:

Although Panama is hypothesized to play an important role for the spread of powdery mildews from North to South America, only few species are known from Panama. Two species with hyphae penetrating into the host leaf mesophyll are presented here. Phyllactinia spathodeae from Spathodea campanulata is considered a synonym of Ph. obclavata. Leveillula contractirostris from Sida haenkeana is recorded for the first time for America and for Sida as host genus. Since in Panama both fungi appear to be limited to higher elevations, the importance of the Panamanian mountain ridges for the phylobiogeography of temperate-adapted organisms is discussed.

Citas:0

AÑO:2017
The Phylogenetic Placement of Ernakulamia cochinensis within Pleosporales (Dothideomycetes, Ascomycota)
DOI:10.7872/crym/v38.iss4.2017.435
Delgado, Gregorio (EMLab P&K Houston, 6310 Rothway Street, Houston, TX 77040, USA; Goethe University Frankfurt); Koukol, Ondej (Charles University); Cceres, Orlando (Autonomous University of Chiriqui); Piepenbring, Meike (Goethe University Frankfurt)
Abstract:

The phylogenetic affinities of the anamorphic fungus Ernakulamia cochinensis are investigated based on a representative specimen recently collected on Astrocaryum standleyanum (Arecaceae) in Panama. Molecular phylogenetic analyses using nuclear ribosomal DNA sequence data of the large subunit and the internal transcribed spacer region together with a fragment of the -tubulin gene suggest that the fungus belongs to the Dothideomycetes (Ascomycota) where it groups with members of the family Tetraplosphaeriaceae in Pleosporales. Morphologically, this placement is further supported by the presence of an internal hyphal structure found within the conidia of the Panamanian collection and an isotype specimen of the fungus similar to species of closely related genera within Tetraplosphaeriaceae, e.g., Quadricrura and Polyplosphaeria. The putative phylogenetic position of the morphologically similar Piricaudilium lobatum in Tetraplosphaeriaceae is proposed based on examination of its type specimen.

Citas:14

AÑO:2017
Dendroseptoria mucilaginosa: a new anamorphic fungus with stauroconidia and phylogenetic placement of Dendroseptoria
DOI:10.1007/s11557-017-1351-8
Koukol, Ondrej (Charles University); Hofmann, Tina Antje (Autonomous University of Chiriqui); Piepenbring, Meike (Goethe University Frankfurt)
Abstract:

Coelomycetes with hyaline stauroconidia represent a rare and undersampled group of fungi with often unknown teleomorphs. In the unique savanna-like vegetation at the base of the Barú volcano in Chiriquí Province, Panama, we discovered an anamorphic ascomycete associated with living shoots and leaves of Buddleja nitida (Scrophulariaceae) that produced sporodochial conidiomata with a blue-green-colored rim and complex multiradiate septate hyaline conidia. The genus Dendroseptoria was selected based on an exhaustive literature review to best accommodate this newly described species, Dendroseptoria mucilaginosa. Sequences of ITS, LSU and SSU rDNA obtained from D. mucilaginosa are most similar to sequences deposited in the GenBank database of non-lichenized fungi belonging to the genus Cyanodermella, although with overall low similarity values. A detailed description of D. mucilaginosa is presented and morphologically similar staurosporous coelomycetes are discussed.

Citas:3

AÑO:2017
Contribution to the phylogeny and a new species of Coccodiella (Phyllachorales)
DOI:10.1007/s11557-017-1353-6
Mardones, M. (Goethe University Frankfurt; University of Costa Rica); Trampe-Jaschik, T. (Goethe University Frankfurt); Hofmann, T. A. (Autonomous University of Chiriqui); Piepenbring, M. (Goethe University Frankfurt)
Abstract:

Coccodiella is a genus of plant-parasitic species in the family Phyllachoraceae (Phyllachorales, Ascomycota), i.e., tropical tar spot fungi. Members of the genus Coccodiella are tropical in distribution and are host-specific, growing on plant species belonging to nine host plant families. Most of the known species occur on various genera and species of the Melastomataceae in tropical America. In this study, we describe the new species C. calatheae from Panama, growing on Calathea crotalifera (Marantaceae). We obtained ITS, nrLSU, and nrSSU sequence data from this new species and from other freshly collected specimens of five species of Coccodiella on members of Melastomataceae from Ecuador and Panama. Phylogenetic analyses allowed us to confirm the placement of Coccodiella within Phyllachoraceae, as well as the monophyly of the genus. The phylogeny of representative species within the family Phyllachoraceae, including Coccodiella spp., graminicolous species of Phyllachora and taxa with erumpent to superficial stroma from several host families, suggests that the genus Phyllachora might be polyphyletic. Furthermore, tar spot fungi with superficial or erumpent perithecia seem to be restricted to the family Phyllachoraceae, independently of the host plant. We also discuss the biodiversity and host-plant patterns of species of Coccodiella worldwide.

Citas:5

AÑO:2017
Soils and rainfall drive landscape-scale changes in the diversity and functional composition of tree communities in premontane tropical forest
DOI:10.1111/jvs.12540
Prada, Cecilia M. (University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign; Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute); Morris, Arturo (Autonomous University of Chiriqui); Andersen, Kelly M. (Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute; University of Exeter); Turner, Benjamin L. (Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute); Caballero, Pedro (Autonomous University of Chiriqui); Dalling, James W. (University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign; Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute)
Abstract:

Abstract Questions Premontane tropical forests harbour exceptionally high plant species diversity; understanding which factors influence their species composition is critical to conserving them, and to predicting how global environmental change will affect them. We asked: (1) how do a- and ß-diversity vary at the landscape scale; (2) how important is environmental filtering in structuring these communities; and (3) which soil and climate variables account for the most compositional variation? Location Old-growth premontane forest, Fortuna Forest Reserve, western Panama. Methods All trees =5-cm DBH were censused in 12 1-ha plots up to 13 km apart. For each plot, we measured soil properties (0–10 cm depth) at 13 locations, and estimated or measured monthly rainfall. To evaluate how the environmental and spatial variables are associated with community composition, we used ordination and Mantel tests. Results Diversity varied nearly three-fold among plots (68–184 species·ha -1 ). ß-Diversity was also high, with only one of 364 species present in all plots. Turnover reflected distinct forest community types that have developed on different parent materials: forests on rhyolite had an abundance of either ectomycorrhizal-associated trees or canopy palms, while forests on the other rock types (andesite, dacite and basalt) were dominated by trees that form arbuscular mycorrhizal associations. While NMDS ordination showed that species turnover was significantly correlated with rainfall seasonality, and also co-varied with geographic distance. Nonetheless, large compositional differences were apparent among sites <2 km apart with similar rainfall but differing soils. Partial Mantel tests controlling for geographic distance highlighted the relationship between total phosphorus and species composition. Conclusions Soil nutrient availability and rainfall seasonality in premontane forests at Fortuna are associated with striking variation in the taxonomic and functional composition of nearby tree communities, and with plot differences in species richness comparable in magnitude to those reported over >1000 m a.s.l. in previous studies. Accounting for how local edaphic conditions structure premontane and montane tropical forests will be critical to predicting how tree communities will respond to climate change.

Citas:41

AÑO:2017
Species Richness and Biomass of Epiphytic Vegetation in a Tropical Montane Forest in Western Panama
DOI:10.1177/1940082917698468
González, Diana C. Gómez (Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg); Quiel, Calixto Rodríguez (Autonomous University of Chiriqui); Zotz, Gerhard (Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg; Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute); Bader, Maaike Y. (Philipps University of Marburg)
Abstract:

In tropical montane forests epiphytes represent a substantial proportion of biodiversity and green biomass, particularly where fog occurs almost daily. Epiphytes play important ecological roles in these ecosystems, for example, in forest hydrology and in amplifying arthropod biodiversity, but quantitative assessments of epiphytic biomass and species diversity are rare. Such data are important, however, for a better understanding on their ecological roles and as a baseline for detecting ecological change due to climate or land-use changes. In a tropical lower montane cloud forest (c. 1,150 m above sea level) in Panama, we identified and weighed all epiphytic matter, which includes vascular plants, bryophytes, lichens, and dead organic matter from the trunks of 22 trees varying in diameters at breast height and 28 canopy branches. Additionally, we collected epiphytic matter in the understory in 22 plots of 2 × 2 m. A total of 155 species of vascular epiphytes, hemiepiphytes, and nomadic vines were found. Orchidaceae were by far the most species-rich family, followed by Araceae and Bromeliaceae. The vertical distribution of these species in the forest showed species-specific vertical preferences, but species numbers varied little in undergrowth, trunks, and tree crowns. Epiphytic matter was positively related to tree size, and we used tree-size data inventory data from a nearby 1-ha plot to extrapolate our findings to the plot level. The resulting estimate of 16,439 kg ha -1 for total epiphytic matter and 6,214 kg ha -1 for living plants, the latter representing about 2% of aboveground forest biomass.

Citas:17

AÑO:2017
A new species of Heliconia (Heliconiaceae) with pendent inflorescence, from Chucantí Private Nature Reserve, eastern Panama
DOI:10.3897/phytokeys.77.11190
Flores, Rodolfo (Autonomous University of Chiriqui); Black, Carla (Finca Las Chichicas, Volcán, Chiriquí, Republic of Panama, Unaffiliated, Chiriquí, Panama); Ibáñez, Alicia (Jadwin Av. 108B, Gamboa. P.O. Box 0843-00954. Balboa, Republic of Panama, Unaffiliated, Balboa, Panama)
Abstract:

Heliconia berguidoi (Heliconiaceae), a new species from premontane forest of eastern Panama, is described, illustrated and its conservation status evaluated. Heliconia berguidoi bears pink flowers, an uncommon color in this group. It differs from the Colombian species Heliconia rhodantha and Heliconia sanctae-theresae, the most similar taxa, by the combination of a petiole glabrous except for the woolly base, a very long peduncle, the perianth pubescent at the apex and staminode with cuspidate apex. Heliconia berguidoi is also similar to Heliconia pogonantha in all four of its varieties and to Heliconia ramonensis in two of its four varieties, but differs by a combination of the long peduncle, pink flowers and staminode with cuspidate apex. Fifty-six Heliconia species have been found in Panama, eighteen of them endemic.

Citas:4

AÑO:2016
Food Tourism in Indigenous Settings as a Strategy of Sustainable Development: The Case of Ilex guayusa Loes. in the Ecuadorian Amazon
DOI:10.3390/su8100967
Sidali, Katia Laura (Ikiam Universidad Regional Amazónica, Via a Muyuna, Tena 150150, Ecuador; University of Göttingen); Morocho, Pascual Yépez (Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores, Avenida 10 de Agosto y Carrion, Quito 170517, Ecuador;, pasyepez@yahoo.com); Garrido-Pérez, Edgardo I. (Ikiam Universidad Regional Amazónica, Via a Muyuna, Tena 150150, Ecuador; Autonomous University of Chiriqui)
Abstract:

This paper seeks to contribute to the discussion on how to enhance food tourism in emerging, tropical countries characterized by a large number of indigenous groups and a high biodiversity. A sacred plant for the Kichwa indigenous communities labelled Ilex guayusa Loes. (Aquifoliceae) is used as a case study. Twelve recorded interviews with different stakeholders of the Amazon region of Napo in Ecuador were analysed. The results of this qualitative research show that the Western-based theory on niche tourism based on experiential and intimacy theory is compatible with four principles which are related to the cosmovision (worldview) of Kichwa indigenous groups, namely: mutual learning, empowerment, regulated access to intellectual property and community legislation. The framework proposed seems suitable to understand food tourism in an indigenous setting. Furthermore, the integration of Western-based food tourism with an indigenous cosmovision might contribute to a more sustainable land use and more equitable social development.

Citas:28

AÑO:2016
The Satyr, the Goddess, and the Oriental Cast: Subversive Classicism in Charles W. Chesnutt's "The Goophered Grapevine" and "Po' Sandy"
DOI:10.1353/afa.2016.0052
Masiki, Trent (Autonomous University of Chiriqui)
Abstract:

Charles W. Chesnutt’s literary criticism is silent on his engagement with the classical myths of Greco-Roman antiquity, but his journals, essays, speeches, marginalia, and short fiction are not. The antebellum Southern settings and gothic plots in The Conjure Woman revise myths from Ovid’s Metamorphoses. In this study, I amend prevailing Ovidian theories about the mythological substrates of “The Goophered Grapevine” and “Po’ Sandy.” I argue that “The Goophered Grapevine” is a fusion of “Transformation of the Maenads” and “The Rape of Persephone” while “Po’ Sandy” is a revision of an ancient Egyptian myth called “Of Isis and Osiris.”

Citas:2

AÑO:2016
A new Laccaria species from cloud forest of Fortuna, Panama
DOI:10.1007/s11557-015-1139-7
Popa, Flavius (Philipps University of Marburg); Jimenéz, Sumling Y. Castillo (Autonomous University of Chiriqui); Weisenborn, Jascha (Goethe University Frankfurt); Donges, Kathrin (Philipps University of Marburg); Rexer, Karl-Heinz (Philipps University of Marburg); Piepenbring, Meike (Goethe University Frankfurt)
Abstract:

A new species of Agaricales, called Laccaria stellata, was collected in a premontane cloud forest in the Fortuna Forest Reserve, Panama, and it is described based on morphological and molecular characteristics. It differs morphologically from all known species of Laccaria by minute, pinkish-orange colored basidiomata, a very thin and translucent pileus, very distant lamellae, 4-spored basidia, and globose basidiospores covered by relatively large echinulae. Molecular rDNA sequence data confirm the separation of this new species from other Laccaria species for which rDNA sequence data are available.

Citas:18

AÑO:2016
Primer registro fotográfico de Conepatus semistriatus (Carnivora: Mephitidae) en el Parque Nacional Cerro Hoya, Provincia de Veraguas, Panamá
DOI:10.47603/manovol3n1.30-32
Sosa-Bartuano, Ángel (Sociedad Mastozoológica de Panamá, Ciudad de Panamá, Panamá); Ponce, Marcos (Autonomous University of Chiriqui); Batista, Abel (Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum Frankfurt/M); Vesely, Milan (Palacký University, Olomouc)
Abstract:

This is the first photographic record for the province of Veraguas and the Cerro Hoya National Park, being the southernmost known town for Panama and Central America of Gato Cañero (Figure 1). Previously, some observations made in the Azuero Peninsula were documented, such as: (i) an observation report in the El Montuoso Forest Reserve, Las Minas District, Herrera Province

Citas:0

AÑO:2016
New national and regional bryophyte records, 48
DOI:10.1080/03736687.2016.1206685
Ellis, L. T. (Natural History Museum); Aleffi, M. (University of Camerino); Alegro, A. (University of Zagreb); Segota, V. (University of Zagreb); Asthana, A. K. (National Botanical Research Institute); Gupta, R. (National Botanical Research Institute); Singh, V. J. (National Botanical Research Institute); Bakalin, V. A. (Botanical Garden-Institute, Russia); Bednarek-Ochyra, H. (Wladyslaw Szafer Institute of Botany); Cykowska-Marzencka, B. (Wladyslaw Szafer Institute of Botany); Benitez, A. (Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja); Borovichev, E. A. (Institute of Industrial Ecology; Polar-Alpine Botanical Garden-Institute of the Kola Science Center of RAS, Russia); Vilnet, A. A. (Polar-Alpine Botanical Garden-Institute of the Kola Science Center of RAS, Russia); Konstantinova, N. A. (Polar-Alpine Botanical Garden-Institute of the Kola Science Center of RAS, Russia); Buck, W. R. (New York Botanical Garden); Cacciatoro, C. (University of Lisbon); Sérgio, C. (University of Lisbon); Csiky, J. (University of Pecs); Deme, J. (University of Pecs); Kovács, D. (University of Pecs); Damsholt, K. (University of Copenhagen); Enroth, J. (University of Helsinki); Erzberger, P. (Berlin, Germany); Fedosov, V. E. (Lomonosov Moscow State University); Fuertes, E. (University of the Azores); Gradstein, S. R. (National Museum of Natural History); Gremmen, N. J. M. (Data-Analyse Ecology, Diever, The Netherlands); Hallingbäck, T. (Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences); Jukoniene, I. (Nature Research Centre); Kiebacher, T. (Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research); Larraín, J. (Pontificial Catholic University of Valparaiso); Lebouvier, M. (University of Rennes); Lüth, M. (Freiberg, Germany); Mamontov, Yu. S. (Botanical Institute VL Komarova); Potemkin, A. D. (Botanical Institute VL Komarova); Nemeth, Cs. (Magyar Agrár- és Élettudományi Egyetem; Botanic Garden Soroksár, Hungary); Nieuwkoop, J. A. W. (Dreumel, The Netherlands); Nobis, M. (Jagiellonian University); Wegrzyn, M. (Jagiellonian University); Wietrzyk, P. (Jagiellonian University); Osorio, F. (Los Avellanos, Chile); Parnikoza, I. (National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine); Virchenko, V. M. (National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine); Peralta, D. F. (Instituto de Botânica); Carmo, D. M. (Instituto de Botânica); Plášek, V. (University of Ostrava); Skoupá, Z. (University of Ostrava); Poponessi, S. (University of Perugia); Venanzoni, R. (University of Perugia); Puche, F. (University of Valencia); Purger, D. (BioRes, Hungary); Reeb, C. (National Museum of Natural History); Rios, R. (Autonomous University of Chiriqui); Rodriguez-Quiel, E. (Autonomous University of Chiriqui); Arrocha, C. (Autonomous University of Chiriqui); Sabovljevic, M. S. (University of Belgrade); Nikolic, N. (University of Belgrade); Sabovljevic, A. D. (University of Belgrade); dos Santos, E. L. (Federal University of Paraná); Segarra-Moragues, J. G. (University of Valencia); Stefanut, S. (Romanian Academy); Stoncius, D. (Nature Research Centre)
Abstract:

nan

Citas:37

AÑO:2015
CEDRELA NGOBE (MELIACEAE), A NEW SPECIES FROM PANAMA AND COSTA RICA
DOI:10.1017/s0960428615000098
Köcke, A. V. (Senckenberg Society for Nature Research; Goethe University Frankfurt); Muellner-Riehl, A. N. (Senckenberg Society for Nature Research; Leipzig University; German Center for Integrative Biodiversity Research); Cáceres, O. (Autonomous University of Chiriqui); Pennington, T. D. (Royal Botanic Gardens)
Abstract:

We present a new species of Meliaceae, Cedrela ngobe Köcke, T.D.Penn. & Muellner, from Panama and Costa Rica. A detailed description with illustrations and a distribution map are provided. Based on distribution data and climatic niche modelling, the species is classified as Vulnerable according to IUCN Red List categories.

Citas:11

AÑO:2015
Leaf shedding and weather in tropical dry-seasonal forest shape the phenology of fungi – Lessons from two years of monthly surveys in southwestern Panama
DOI:10.1016/j.funeco.2015.08.004
Piepenbring, Meike (Goethe University Frankfurt); Hofmann, Tina Antje (Autonomous University of Chiriqui); Miranda, Elvia (Autonomous University of Chiriqui); Cáceres, Orlando (Autonomous University of Chiriqui); Unterseher, Martin (University of Greifswald)
Abstract:

In the present study, conducted in a secondary dry-seasonal forest in the pacific lowlands of southwestern Panama over 2 years, fungal diversity is linked to plant phenology, litter, and climatic data. Agaricales fungi showed maximum species richness at the beginning of rainy seasons, probably due to the important litter accumulation during the dry season and the increase in humidity favoring fungal growth. Species richness declined during the wet season possibly due to torrential rains, moulds, and decreasing availability of nutrients. Occurrence of foliar pathogenic microfungi correlated negatively with flushing of new leaves at the beginning of the rainy season. Their incidence increased during the wet season and remained high during the dry season. Synchronization of leaf shedding in most tree species significantly reduced the yearly incidence of foliar pathogenic fungi causing an annual turn-over of fungal pathogens that probably contributes to maintain a high diversity of plant pathogenic species.

Citas:17

AÑO:2015
Revision of the genus Lepidoblepharis (Reptilia: Squamata: Sphaerodactylidae) in Central America, with the description of three new species.
DOI:10.11646/zootaxa.3994.2.2
Batista, Abel (Goethe University Frankfurt); Ponce, Marcos (Autonomous University of Chiriqui); Vesely, Milan (Palacký University, Olomouc); Mebert, Konrad (University of Basel); Hertz, Andreas (Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum Frankfurt/M); Köhler, Gunther (Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum Frankfurt/M); Carrizo, Arcadio (Autonomous University of Chiriqui); Lotzkat, Sebastian (Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum Frankfurt/M)
Abstract:

Based on morphological and molecular data, we describe three new species of the genus Lepidoblepharis with granular dorsals from Panama (Lepidoblepharis emberawoundule sp. nov., Lepidoblepharis rufigularis sp. nov., and Lepidoblepharis victormartinezi sp. nov.). The results of our molecular analyses confirm the existence of five deeply differentiated genealogical lineages among Panamanian Lepidoblepharis. We present detailed descriptions of their morphology, including some new valuable scalation characters (ventral and subfemoral escutcheon) and hemipenes, as well as comparisons with the other two species of the genus known to occur in Panama (L. sanctaemartae and L. xanthostigma) and their South American congeners. Last, we provide an updated identification key for the genus Lepidoblepharis in Central America.

Citas:3

AÑO:2015
An updated checklist of the Orchidaceae of Panama
DOI:10.15517/lank.v14i3.17958
Bogarín, Diego (University of Costa Rica); Serracín, Zuleika (Autonomous University of Chiriqui); Samudio, Zabdy (Autonomous University of Chiriqui); Rincón, Rafael (Autonomous University of Chiriqui); Pupulin, Franco (University of Costa Rica)
Abstract:

The Orchidaceae is one of the most diverse vascular plant families in the Neotropics and the most diverse in Panama. The number of species is triple that of other well-represented families of angiosperms such as Rubiaceae, Fabaceae and Poaceae. Despite its importance in terms of diversity, the latest checklist was published ten years ago and the latest in-depth taxonomic treatments were published in 1949 and 1993. The accumulation of information over the years and the need to update the nomenclature and to clarify taxonomic concepts made necessary the publication of an up-dated checklist of the Orchidaceae of Panama. This checklist was completed by studying specimens strictly collected in Panama and vouchered in herbaria. Species are presented alphabetically with their synonyms and herbarium vouchers. The data were analyzed to explain the patterns of geographic distribution, most diverse taxa, endemism, exotic species and relationships with other nearby floras. The checklist contains 1365 species (including two natural hybrids and three subspecies) in four subfamilies, 16 tribes, 27 subtribes and 187 genera. Four exotic species were recorded. A total of 296 (21.7%) species are endemic. Epidendroideae is the most diverse group housing more than 90% of species. The most diverse subtribes are Pleurothallidinae (30 genera, 405 spp.), Laeliinae (16 genera, 292 spp.), Oncidiinae (29 genera, 157 spp.) and Maxillariinae (18 genera, 132 spp.). The most diverse genera are: Epidendrum (206 spp.), Stelis (88 spp.), Lepanthes (66 spp.) and Pleurothallis (54 spp.). Nomenclatural changes are proposed in Maxillariella , Pleurothallis , Specklinia , Stelis and Trichocentrum . Many areas remain unexplored for orchids, and we estimate that much work remains to complete a floristic treatment that reveals more realistic data on the orchid flora that Panama harbors. This checklist is an important initial step toward the development of an illustrated treatment of the Orchidaceae of Panama.

Citas:29

AÑO:2015
Microchrysosphaera graminicola, an enigmatic new genus and species in the Hypocreales from Panama
DOI:10.1007/s11557-015-1095-2
Judith, Caroline (Goethe University Frankfurt); Rossman, Amy Y. (Beltsville Agricultural Research Center); Kennedy, Aaron H. (Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service); Cáceres, Orlando (Autonomous University of Chiriqui); Piepenbring, Meike (Goethe University Frankfurt)
Abstract:

An unusual fungus with a novel set of morphological, ecological, and DNA sequence characteristics was found to be causing necrosis of distal portions of living leaves and sterility of Parodiophyllochloa cordovensis (Poaceae) in Panama. The small, superficial, soft-textured yellow perithecia develop directly on the surface of the necrotic plant tissue. The unitunicate asci are filled with hyaline, long-fusiform, typically 6–12-septate ascospores that disarticulate into secondary part-ascospores that later produce tertiary spores. This undescribed fungus could not be cultured, nor was an asexual state observed. Morphological characteristics are inconsistent with any existing generic concept, but suggest a close phylogenetic relationship with species of Hypocreales. This was confirmed by molecular phylogenetic analysis of nrLSU rDNA sequences. While host relationship and disarticulation of ascospores suggest an affinity between this fungus and species of Clavicipitaceae, its colonization of necrotic tissue of a living host, lack of stromata, non-thickened apices of the asci, and long-fusiform (not filiform) ascospores suggest otherwise. Furthermore, this fungus differs morphologically from species in Bionectriaceae and Nectriaceae in its disarticulating long-fusiform ascospores, part-ascospores producing tertiary spores, and occurrence on living grasses. Our phylogenetic analysis of combined ITS, nrLSU, and TEF1 sequences yielded evidence for placement of the new species within the Hypocreales, close to Bionectriaceae and Nectriaceae. However, our analysis did not specifically clarify and support the species’ membership within either family. This fungus is described as Microchrysosphaera graminicola, a new genus and species belonging to the Hypocreales, incertae sedis.

Citas:4

AÑO:2015
Variation in Canopy Litterfall Along a Precipitation and Soil Fertility Gradient in a Panamanian Lower Montane Forest
DOI:10.1111/btp.12214
Heineman, Katherine D. (University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign); Caballero, Pedro (Autonomous University of Chiriqui); Morris, Arturo (Autonomous University of Chiriqui); Velasquez, Carmen (Autonomous University of Chiriqui); Serrano, Kiria (Autonomous University of Chiriqui); Ramos, Nelly (Autonomous University of Chiriqui); Gonzalez, Jonathan (Autonomous University of Chiriqui); Mayorga, Luis (Autonomous University of Chiriqui); Corre, Marife D. (University of Göttingen); Dalling, James W. (University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign; Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute)
Abstract:

Abstract Fertilization experiments in tropical forests have shown that litterfall increases in response to the addition of one or more soil nutrients. However, the relationship between soil nutrient availability and litterfall is poorly defined along natural soil fertility gradients, especially in tropical montane forests. Here, we measured litterfall for two years in five lower montane 1-ha plots spanning a soil fertility and precipitation gradient in lower montane forest at Fortuna, Panama. Litterfall was also measured in a concurrent nitrogen fertilization experiment at one site. Repeated-measures ANOVA was used to test for site (or treatment), year, and season effects on vegetative, reproductive and total litterfall. We predicted that total litterfall, and the ratio of reproductive to leaf litterfall, would increase with nutrient availability along the fertility gradient, and in response to nitrogen addition. We found that total annual litterfall varied substantially among 1-ha plots (4.78 Mg/ha/yr to 7.96 Mg/ha/yr), and all but the most aseasonal plot showed significant seasonality in litterfall. However, litterfall accumulation did not track soil nutrient availability; instead forest growing on relatively infertile soil, but dominated by an ectomycorrhizal tree species, had the highest total litterfall accumulation. In the fertilization plots, significantly more total litter fell in nitrogen addition relative to control plots, but this increase in response to nitrogen (13%) was small compared to variation observed among 1-ha plots. These results suggest that while litterfall at Fortuna is nutrient-limited, compositional and functional turnover along the fertility gradient obscure any direct relationship between soil resource availability and canopy productivity. Resumen Se demostró con experimentos de fertilización en bosques tropicales incrementos en la caída de hojarasca asociados con la adición de nutrientes; empero, se desconoce la relación entre la disponibilidad de nutrientes del suelo con la producción de hojarasca en gradientes naturales de fertilidad del suelo, especialmente en bosques montanos tropicales. Medimos la producción de hojarasca durante dos años en cinco parcelas (1-ha) en bosques montanos bajos, sobre gradientes de fertilidad y precipitación y en un experimento paralelo de fertilización de nitrógeno en la Reserva Forestal Fortuna, Panamá. Predijimos incrementos de hojarasca total y reproductiva con la disponibilidad de nutrientes en el gradiente de fertilidad del suelo y en respuesta a la adición de nitrógeno (13%). Encontramos que la hojarasca total varía sustancialmente entre parcelas (4.78 Mg/ha/yr hasta 7.96 Mg/ha/yr) y que en todas las parcelas, excepto la menos estacional, hay estacionalidad significativa en la cantidad de hojarasca; pero, la acumulación de hojarasca no coincide con la disponibilidad de nutrientes en el suelo, porque el bosque sobre suelo poco fértil con dominio de una especie ectomicorrícica, presentó mayor acumulación de hojarasca. Las parcelas con fertilización tenían significativamente más hojarasca que las control; pero, el incremento en hojarasca en respuesta a la adición de nitrógeno fue menor respecto a la variación entre parcelas. Los resultados sugieren que mientras la producción de hojarasca en Fortuna es limitada por nutrientes, la variación en la composición de especies a través de gradientes de fertilidad ocultan cualquier relación directa entre la disponibilidad de nutrientes del suelo y la productividad del dosel.

Citas:12

AÑO:2015
Enfoque Sistémico de la gestión local del riesgo por inundación. El caso de la subcuenca del río Caldera en el Distrito de Boquete, Panamá
DOI:10.5354/0719-5370.2014.36676
Vega, Catalina Elvira Espinosa (Autonomous University of Chiriqui); Hurtado, Itzel Arriaga (Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México)
Abstract:

Se analiza la gestión local del riesgo por inundación como un proceso social sistémico complejo, dentro del sistema social del Distrito de Boquete en Panamá. Dicho análisis se realiza desde la línea de investigación de la Geografía de los Riesgos como área de conocimiento de la Geografía Humana. A partir de esta área se considera la pertinencia de basar la estructura metodológica en un marco teórico a partir de la Teoría de los Sistemas Sociales de Luhmann (1998) y se realiza un análisis sintético de la gestión local de riesgo por inundación desde el cual se deduce y aporta la naturaleza geográfica de la misma. Estos planteamientos teóricos conceptuales se confrontan con el caso de estudio: la subcuenca del río Caldera, ubicada en el distrito de Boquete, que es un área de multi amenazas, donde la amenaza por inundación se determina como fenómeno a investigar. A partir de dicho análisis se resalta la participación ciudadana como uno de los subsistemas trascendentales que pueden asegurar la eficacia de la gestión local del riesgo por inundación. Por otra parte, estos planteamientos permitieron deducir y analizar las características y el funcionamiento de los subsistemas geográfico físico, geográfico humano, histórico, económico, político, cultural y jurídico que conforman el sistema social estudiado y que a partir de su falta de comunicación, la entropía y la irritabilidad entre ellos, determinan y condicionan el comportamiento de la gestión local del riesgo por inundación, siendo ello uno de los aportes científicos de este artículo.

Citas:0

AÑO:2014
Two new fringe-limbed frogs of the genus Ecnomiohyla (Anura: Hylidae) from Panama.
DOI:10.11646/zootaxa.3826.3.2
Batista, Abel (Goethe University Frankfurt); Hertz, Andreas (Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum Frankfurt/M); Mebert, Konrad (University of Basel); Köhler, Gunther (Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum Frankfurt/M); Lotzkat, Sebastian (Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum Frankfurt/M); Ponce, Marcos (Autonomous University of Chiriqui); Vesely, Milan (Palacký University, Olomouc)
Abstract:

Forest canopy-dwelling frogs are usually among the rarest anuran species observed in the neotropical forest, mainly because they fall outside of the scope of the standard search methods used by herpetologists. During field explorations undertaken in western and eastern Panama in recent years, we discovered two species belonging to the genus Ecnomiohyla, which showed significant differences in genetic distances (16S mtDNA gene) and morphological characteristics different from any known Ecnomiohyla species. The first specimen originates from the Serranía de Jingurudó, Darién province, southeastern Panamá, and is described herein as E. bailarina sp. nov., and the second specimen was found at Santa Fe National Park, Veraguas province, central-western Panama, and is described as E. veraguensis sp. nov. We provide a detailed description of both new species, including comparisons of morphological and molecular characters of almost all members of the genus in lower Central America, as well as an identification key for the entire genus.

Citas:10

AÑO:2014
Revision of genera in Asterinales
DOI:10.1007/s13225-014-0307-4
Hongsanan, Sinang (Kunming Institute of Botany; Institute of Excellence in Fungal Research, 57100, Chiang Rai, Thailand; Mae Fah Luang University; World Agroforestry Centre, East Asia Node, Heilongtan, 650201, Kunming, People’s Republic of China); Li, Yan-Mei (International Fungal Research and Development Centre, Key Laboratory of Resource Insect Cultivation and Utilization State Forestry Administration, Kunming, People’s Republic of China); Liu, Jian-Kui (Institute of Excellence in Fungal Research, 57100, Chiang Rai, Thailand; Mae Fah Luang University); Hofmann, Tina (Autonomous University of Chiriqui); Piepenbring, Meike (Goethe University Frankfurt); Bhat, Jayarama D. (Goa University); Boonmee, Saranyaphat (Institute of Excellence in Fungal Research, 57100, Chiang Rai, Thailand; Mae Fah Luang University); Doilom, Mingkhuan (Institute of Excellence in Fungal Research, 57100, Chiang Rai, Thailand; Mae Fah Luang University); Singtripop, Chonticha (Institute of Excellence in Fungal Research, 57100, Chiang Rai, Thailand; Mae Fah Luang University); Tian, Qing (Institute of Excellence in Fungal Research, 57100, Chiang Rai, Thailand; Mae Fah Luang University); Mapook, Ausana (Institute of Excellence in Fungal Research, 57100, Chiang Rai, Thailand; Mae Fah Luang University); Zeng, Xiang-Yu (Institute of Excellence in Fungal Research, 57100, Chiang Rai, Thailand; Mae Fah Luang University); Bahkali, Ali H. (King Saud University); Xu, Jian-Chu (Kunming Institute of Botany; World Agroforestry Centre, East Asia Node, Heilongtan, 650201, Kunming, People’s Republic of China); Mortimer, Peter E. (Kunming Institute of Botany; World Agroforestry Centre, East Asia Node, Heilongtan, 650201, Kunming, People’s Republic of China); Wu, Xia-Hai (International Fungal Research and Development Centre, Key Laboratory of Resource Insect Cultivation and Utilization State Forestry Administration, Kunming, People’s Republic of China); Yang, Jun-Bo (Kunming Institute of Botany); Hyde, Kevin D. (Kunming Institute of Botany; Institute of Excellence in Fungal Research, 57100, Chiang Rai, Thailand; Mae Fah Luang University; World Agroforestry Centre, East Asia Node, Heilongtan, 650201, Kunming, People’s Republic of China; King Saud University)
Abstract:

The order Asterinales comprises a single family, Asterinaceae. In this study, types or specimens of 41 genera of Asterinaceae are re-examined and re-described and illustrated by micrographs. Seventeen genera, namely Asterina (type genus), Asterinella, Asterotexis, Batistinula, Cirsosia, Echidnodella, Halbania, Lembosia, Meliolaster, Parasterinopsis, Platypeltella, Prillieuxina, Schenckiella (=Allothyrium), Trichasterina, Trichopeltospora, Uleothyrium and Vizellopsis, are maintained within Asterinaceae. Echidnodes, Lembosiella, Lembosina, Morenoina, and Thyriopsis are transferred to Aulographaceae based on morphological and molecular characteristics. Anariste is transferred to Micropeltidaceae, while Lembosiopsis is transferred to Mycosphaerellaceae. Placoasterella and Placosoma are morphologically close to taxa in Parmulariaceae, where they are transferred. Aulographina is placed in Teratosphaeriaceae, while Asterodothis, Asterinema, Dothidasteromella, Leveillella, Petrakina and Stephanotheca are transferred to Dothideomycetes, genera incertae sedis. Eupelte, Macowaniella, Maheshwaramyces, Parasterinella, and Vishnumyces are treated as doubtful genera, because of lack of morphological and molecular data. Aphanopeltis, Asterolibertia, Neostomella, Placoasterina, and Symphaster are synonyms of Asterina based on morphology, while Trichamelia, Viegasia, and Yamamotoa are synonyms of Lembosia. The characteristics of each family are discussed and a phylogenetic tree is included.

Citas:45

AÑO:2014
Rescue of syringyl lignin and sinapate ester biosynthesis in Arabidopsis thaliana by a coniferaldehyde 5-hydroxylase from Eucalyptus globulus
DOI:10.1007/s00299-014-1614-7
García, José Renán (University of Concepción; Autonomous University of Chiriqui); Anderson, Nickolas (Purdue University West Lafayette); Le-Feuvre, Regis (Genómica Forestal, Concepción, Chile); Iturra, Carolina (Genómica Forestal, Concepción, Chile); Elissetche, Juan (Genómica Forestal, Concepción, Chile); Chapple, Clint (Purdue University West Lafayette); Valenzuela, Sofía (University of Concepción)
Abstract:

Key messageThe gene coding for F5H fromEucalyptus globuluswas cloned and used to transform anf5h-mutant ofArabidopsis thaliana, which was complemented, thus verifying the identity of the cloned gene.AbstractConiferaldehyde 5-hydroxylase (F5H; EC 1.14.13) is a cytochrome P450-dependent monooxygenase that catalyzes the 5-hydroxylation step required for the production of syringyl units in lignin biosynthesis. The Eucalyptusglobulus enzyme was characterized in vitro, and results showed that the preferred substrates were coniferaldehyde and coniferyl alcohol. Complementation experiments demonstrated that both cDNA and genomic constructs derived from F5H from E. globulus under the control of the cinnamate 4-hydroxylase promoter from Arabidopsis thaliana, or a partial F5H promoter from E. globulus, can rescue the inability of the A. thalianafah1-2 mutant to accumulate sinapate esters and syringyl lignin. E. globulus is a species widely used to obtain products that require lignin removal, and the results suggest that EglF5H is a good candidate for engineering efforts aimed at increasing the lignin syringyl unit content, either for kraft pulping or biofuel production.

Citas:19

AÑO:2014
Fourier transformed near infrared (FT-NIR) spectroscopy for the estimation of parameters in pretreated lignocellulosic materials for bioethanol production
DOI:10.1002/jctb.4427
Monrroy, Mariel (Centro de Investigación en Bioquímica y Química Aplicada, Chiriquí, Panamá; Autonomous University of Chiriqui); Garcia, José Renán (Centro de Investigación en Bioquímica y Química Aplicada, Chiriquí, Panamá; Autonomous University of Chiriqui); Troncoso, Eduardo (Renewable Resources Laboratory, Biotechnology Center, Concepción, Chile); Freer, Juanita (Renewable Resources Laboratory, Biotechnology Center, Concepción, Chile; University of Concepción)
Abstract:

Abstract BACKGROUND In the bioethanol production process it is necessary to know the physical and chemical characteristics of pretreated material which may affect the enzymatic hydrolysis as well as the carbohydrates potential for fermentation. In the present study, prediction models were developed with Fourier transformed near infrared ( FT-NIR ) spectroscopy and multivariate analysis for the cellulose crystallinity index ( CrI ), saccharification and ethanol yield, and glucan, hemicellulose and lignin content. Prediction models were generated using Eucalyptus globulus and Pinus radiata samples from different pretreatments such as bio pretreatment, kraft process, steam explosion, organosolv and biorganosolv process. RESULTS The calibration models obtained by partial least-squares ( PLS ), presented high coefficients of calibration and validation determination. The predictive ability of the calibration models developed was evaluated in a set of external samples. The properties were predicted with a prediction error ( RMSEP ) of 0.02, 1.4 g L -1 , 2.0%, 0.9%, 1.0% and 1.9% for CrI , ethanol yield, saccharification, lignin, hemicellulose and glucan content, respectively. CONCLUSION These results suggest that it is possible to construct models for these properties with a database involving pulps from different pretreatments. NIR spectroscopy predictions provide useful and economic tools for rapid analysis of the large number of samples required in the assessment of bioethanol production processes. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry

Citas:11

AÑO:2014
The interaction apparatus of Asteridiella callista (Meliolaceae, Ascomycota)
DOI:10.3852/13-146
Justavino, Délfida Rodríguez (University of Tübingen); Velásquez, Julieta Carranza (); Sánchez, Carlos O. Morales (University of Costa Rica); Rincón, Rafael (Autonomous University of Chiriqui); Oberwinkler, Franz (); Bauer, Robert (University of Tübingen)
Abstract:

We document here for the first time ultrastructural details of the cellular interaction of Asteridiella callista and its host Stachytarpheta mutabilis var. violacea from Costa Rica. A. callista attaches to the host with appressoria, invades the epidermal cell wall and forms an apoplastic complex cisternal net, presumably for nutrient uptake from its host. This unique structure, called an interaction apparatus (Ia), consists of cisternae surrounded by a membrane continuous with the fungal cytoplasmic membrane. Subsequently the apoplastic trunk of the Ia extends into the host epidermal cell wall and contacts the host cytoplasmic membrane. Electron-opaque material, probably of fungal origin appears at the host cytoplasmic membrane. Finally these electron-opaque deposits are encased by host material. Functional and systematical aspects of this interaction scenario are discussed.

Citas:3

AÑO:2014
New records of plant parasitic Asterinaceae (Dothideomycetes, Ascomycota) with intercalary appressoria from Central America and Panama
DOI:10.1590/s1982-56762014000600001
Hofmann, Tina Antje (Autonomous University of Chiriqui); Piepenbring, Meike (Goethe University Frankfurt)
Abstract:

New records of species of Asterinaceae with intercalary appressoria infecting plants in Central America and Panama are described and illustrated in detail. New records are Asterolibertia licaniicola on the new host Licania arborea (Chrysobalanaceae), Asterolibertia nodulosa on the new hosts Oxandra venezuelana and Xylopia sp. (Annonaceae), and Cirsosia splendida on the new hosts Chrysobalanus icaco and Hirtella triandra (Chrysobalanaceae). The teleomorph C. splendida is linked for the first time to the asexual morph Homalopeltis chrysobalani based on morphological observation. For the presented fungi an identification key is provided and infection strategies are discussed. Nomenclatural novelties are introduced, Leprieuria radiata becomes a synonym of H. chrysobalani and Asterina nodulifera is recombined into Asterolibertia nodulifera.

Citas:8

AÑO:2014
Illustrations and studies in neotropical orchidaceae. the specklinia condylata group (pleurothallidinae) in Costa Rica and Panama
DOI:10.15517/lank.v13i3.14352
Bogarín, Diego (University of Costa Rica); Serracín, Zuleika (Autonomous University of Chiriqui); Samudio, Zabdy (Autonomous University of Chiriqui)
Abstract:

Taxonomy of discrete groups of taxa within Pleurothallidinae is critical for a better understanding of species diversity, evolution and phylogenetics. This paper focuses on the taxonomy and systematics of the species related to Specklinia condylata in Costa Rica and Panama. The taxonomic history and its phylogenetic position are discussed. The group is treated as comprising five species, three of them proposed as new to science. Each taxon is described on the basis of living material and illustrated in a composite plate. Overall distribution, maps, derivation of name, notes on species ecology, natural variation and diagnostic features are presented for each taxon. A key to the species and a comparative table is given to aid species identification.

Citas:3

AÑO:2014
New species and new records of Meliolaceae from Panama
DOI:10.1007/s13225-014-0292-7
Rodríguez Justavino, Délfida (Autonomous University of Chiriqui); Kirschner, Roland (National Central University); Piepenbring, Meike (Goethe University Frankfurt)
Abstract:

Three new species of Meliolaceae, Appendiculella monsterae on Monstera deliciosa (Araceae), Asteridiella nitidae on Buddleja nitida (Scrophulariaceae), and Irenopsis chrysophylli on Chrysophyllum sp. (Sapotaceae), are described based on material collected in Panama. Eighteen species of Meliolaceae are reported for the first time for Panama, which include four first records for the Americas, viz. Ast. formosensis, Meliola indica, and M. pisoniae, previously known only from Asia, and M. dissotidis hitherto known only from Africa. Six species of plants are cited as hosts for meliolaceous fungi for the first time. In a phylogenetic hypothesis based on 28S nrDNA sequences, the position of Meliolales, including Appendiculella, Asteridiella, Endomeliola, Irenopsis, and Meliola, is found to be basal to Sordariomycetidae, Hypocreomycetidae, and Xylariomycetidae within Sordariomycetes. The five genera of Meliolaceae form a strongly supported clade. We suggest adopting the concept of the subclass Meliolomycetidae. The monophyly of Asteridiella cannot be confirmed. A hypothetical close relationship between Asteridiella and Appendiculella is not supported, but Endomeliola appears closely related to a species of Asteridiella. Two Meliola species on the same host family are closely related.

Citas:20

AÑO:2014
A new species of Andinobates (Amphibia: Anura: Dendrobatidae) from west central Panama.
DOI:10.11646/zootaxa.3866.3.2
Batista, Abel (Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum Frankfurt/M); Jaramillo, César A (Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute); Ponce, Marcos (Autonomous University of Chiriqui); Crawford, Andrew J (Universidad de Los Andes)
Abstract:

Dendrobatid frogs are among the best known anurans in the world, mainly due to their toxicity and associated bright colors. A recently described dendrobatid genus, Andinobates, comprises frogs distributed among the Colombian Andes and Panama. During field work in the Distrito de Donoso, Colón province, Panama, we found a poison frog that we here describe as a new species. The new species belongs to the A. minutus species group and is described herein as Andinobates geminisae sp. nov. This new species differs from all other members of the group by having uniformly orange smooth skin over the entire body and a distinctive male advertisement call. The new species is smaller than other colorful dendrobatids present in the area, such as Oophaga pumilio and O. vicentei. We also provide molecular phylogenetic analyses of mitochondrial DNA sequences of dendrobatids and summarize genetic distances among Andinobates species. Andinobates geminisae occurs in Caribbean versant rainforest on the westernmost edge of the known distribution of A. minutus, and represents the fourth species within this genus in Panama. This is vulnerable to habitat loss and excessive harvesting and requires immediate conservation plans to preserve this species with a restricted geographic range.

Citas:3

AÑO:2013
Guzmania panamensis (Bromeliaceae) – a new species from Talamanca Mountain in Veraguas province, Western Panama
DOI:10.3897/phytokeys.25.5174
González, Daniel A. Cáceres (Autonomous University of Chiriqui; Herbarium Senckenbergianum Frankfurt/Main (FR), Germany. 0427 Estafeta Universitaria, David, Chiriquí, Panamá)
Abstract:

Guzmania panamensis (Bromeliaceae), a new species so far endemic to Veraguas province, Western Panama, is described and illustrated. The new species is recognized due to its peduncle much longer than the leaves and its red floral bracts, shorter than the yellow flowers. The new species is compared to morphologically similar species, namely Guzmania monostachia, Guzmania berteroniana, Guzmania elvallensis, and Guzmania skotakii.

Citas:1

AÑO:2013
The orchid flora of Chorogo Wildlife Reserve, Puerto Armuelles, Chiriquí, Panamá
DOI:10.15517/lank.v0i0.11565
Hernández, Zuleika Serracín (Autonomous University of Chiriqui); Rincón, Rafael (Autonomous University of Chiriqui); Quiel, Eyvar Rodríguez (Autonomous University of Chiriqui); Bogarín, Diego (University of Costa Rica)
Abstract:

The orchid flora of Chorogo Wildlife Reserve, Puerto Armuelles, Chiriquí, Panamá

Citas:1

AÑO:2013
Three new Lepanthes (Orchidaceae: Pleurothallidinae) from south-east Costa Rica
DOI:10.15517/lank.v0i0.11748
Bogarín, Diego (Autonomous University of Chiriqui); Karremans, Adam P. (Leiden University); Pupulin, Franco (Harvard University; Marie Selby Botanical Gardens)
Abstract:

Three new species of Lepanthes from south-east Costa Rica are described and illustrated. Lepanthes erubescen s resembles L. limbellata , from which it can be distinguished by the pendent plants, with inflorescences that borne above the leaf, the upper petal lobe ovate, acute, 1,3 mm wide, larger than the lower lobe, and the ovate lip. Lepanthes sandiorum resembles L. dolabriformis , however it can be distinguished by the smaller plants, the smaller flowers, the narrower petals, which are filiform, with the upper lobe oblong, rounded, entire and glabrous. Lepanthes sanjuanensis is similar to L. elegans, but it is distinguished by the green-purple, un-reticulated leaves, the petals with the upper lobe oblong, rounded, with the margins red, the lower lobe oblong, rounded, divergent at apex, and the pinkish or orange-red lip. Additional comments on the species are provided.

Citas:3

AÑO:2013
Orchids without borders: studying the hotspot of costa rica and Panama
DOI:10.15517/lank.v0i0.11529
Bogarín, Diego (University of Costa Rica; Autonomous University of Chiriqui); Pupulin, Franco (University of Costa Rica; Universidad de Costa Rica; Universidad Alfredo Pérez Guerrero; Harvard University Herbaria); Arrocha, Clotilde (Autonomous University of Chiriqui); Warner, Jorge (University of Costa Rica)
Abstract:

The Mesoamerican region is one of the richest in orchid diversity in the world. About 2670 species, 10% of all orchids known have been recorded there. Within this region, most of the species are concentrated in the southernmost countries. Costa Rica with 1598 species (or 0.030 spp/km2) and Panama with 1397 species (0.018 spp/km2) stand at the top of endemic species list of all Mesoamerica, with 35.37% and 28.52%, respectively. These figures, however, are misleading, as political boundaries do not have any relationship to orchid diversity. If we ignore the political frontier, there is a common biogeographic area. However, if we put the border back, the numbers in terms of scientific production and research change dramatically. Costa Rica has increased the knowledge of its orchid flora through the establishment of a successful research system, whereas Panama has lacked a similar process. To address this problem, the Lankester Botanical Garden at the Universidad de Costa Rica and the Universidad Autónoma de Chiriquí, Panama, established a new research center focused on the study of orchids. The aim of the cooperation is to provide the methodology, information, and expertise for a longterm project on taxonomy and systematics of the orchids of Panam.

Citas:8

AÑO:2013
Differences in desiccation tolerance do not explain altitudinal distribution patterns of tropical bryophytes
DOI:10.1179/1743282012y.0000000033
Bader, Maaike Y (Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg); Reich, Theresa (Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg); Wagner, Sebastian (Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg); González, A Steve González (Autonomous University of Chiriqui); Zotz, Gerhard (Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg; Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute)
Abstract:

Bryophyte biomass and diversity vary strongly with altitude in the tropics. Low abundance and low species numbers in lowland rain forests are most likely due to reduced diurnal activity times combined with high nocturnal respiration rates at high temperatures. This may exclude many montane species from the warm lowlands. However, an alternative hypothesis explains the observed pattern, namely a limited desiccation tolerance of montane species, precipitation being more concentrated but less frequent in most lowland forests compared to montane cloud forests. To test this hypothesis, we studied the desiccation tolerance of four montane and four lowland bryophyte species. The effects of prolonged drought were quantified with chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv/Fm) and the extent of electrolyte leakage. Both montane and lowland species survived dry periods of ?80 days, which far exceeds the duration of dry periods in the wet lowland tropics. We can thus exclude intolerance to long dry spells as an explaination for the absence of the tested montane species in the lowlands. We should continue to focus on other mechanisms to explain the altitudinal gradient of bryophyte abundance and diversity in the tropics, in order to understand this pattern, as well as to predict future trends under climatic warming.

Citas:25

AÑO:2013
A new species of Trichosalpinx (Orchidaceae: Pleurothallidinae) from Costa Rica
DOI:10.1007/s12228-012-9265-x
Fernández, Melania (University of Costa Rica; Autonomous University of Chiriqui); Bogarín, Diego (University of Costa Rica; Autonomous University of Chiriqui; Ángel Andreetta Andean Orchids Research Center, University Alfredo Pérez Guerrero, Gualaceo, Ecuador)
Abstract:

Trichosalpinx sanctuarii, a new species of Orchidaceae, subtribe Pleurothallidinae, is described and illustrated. It most resembles T. ringens, from which it is distinguished in the text. The new species is endemic to Costa Rica.

Citas:3

AÑO:2012
Reduction of inflammatory pain in female rats after NR2B NMDA cortical antagonism.
DOI:nan
Vasquez, Carol (Autonomous University of Chiriqui); Sánchez, Melany (); Herrera, Jairo (); Quintero, Gabriel ()
Abstract:

Studies have shown that N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors play a critical role in pain processing at different levels of the central nervous system. In this study, we used female adult Wistar rats to examine the effects of antagonizing the NR2B subunit of the NMDA receptor in phasic and tonic pain processes. All the rats underwent stereotaxic surgery for cortical cannula implantation and after at least one week of recovery, rats performed behavioral tests. For evaluating the effects of drugs on motor coordination rats were tested in the rotarod apparatus. Moreover, rats were evaluated in the paw withdrawal latency (PWL) to a noxious thermal stimulus. Furthermore, rats were tested in the formalin-pain test. Rats that received the NR2B antagonist Ro 25-6981 before and after formalin injection showed significantly reduced pain responses in the formalin test, as compared with female control rats (p<0.05). In contrast, no differences among groups were found in the phasic pain test (Hargreaves) and the rotarod test. Taken together, these results suggest that cortical antagonism of the NR2B subunit of NMDA receptors is able to reduce inflammatory pain levels not only before, but after the formalin injection in females at different phases of the estrous cycle.

Citas:2

AÑO:2011
Biodiversity of Asterina species on Neotropical host plants: new species and records from Panama
DOI:10.3852/10-279
Hofmann, T.A. (Autonomous University of Chiriqui); Piepenbring, M. (Goethe University Frankfurt)
Abstract:

Two new species of the genus Asterina are described from living leaves collected in provinces Chiriquí and Bocas del Toro in western Panama. Asterina alloplecti on Alloplectus ichtyoderma (Gesneriaceae) differs from other Asterina on Gesneriaceae by its stalked appressoria and host relationship. Asterina compsoneurae on Compsoneura sprucei (Myristicaceae) can be distinguished from other members of Asterina on Myristicaceae by its larger ascomata, larger, prominently spinose ascospores and host relationship. New records for Panama are Asterina corallopoda from a new host plant species (Solanum trizygum, Solanaceae), A. diplopoda, A. ekmanii from a new host plant species (Gonzalagunia rudis, Rubiaceae), A. siphocampyli from a new host plant genus and species (Burmeistera vulgaris, Campanulaceae) and A. styracina from a new host-plant species (Styrax argenteus, Styracaceae). This study increases the number of species of Asterina known for Panama from 12 to 19 and the number of Asterinaceae from 14 to 21. Asterina corallopoda, A. diplopoda, A. ekmanii, A. siphocampyli and A. styracina are illustrated for the first time. A phylogeny inferred from the analysis of LSU rDNA sequences of species of Asterina is presented. The diversity and host-plant patterns of known Neotropical species of Asterina are discussed.

Citas:8

AÑO:2011
Pioneer forays for fungi in the Darién Province in Eastern Panama: quintuplicating the knowledge on fungi in this area by five days of fieldwork
DOI:10.1007/s10531-011-0085-1
Piepenbring, M. (Goethe University Frankfurt; Goethe University Frankfurt); Caballero, E. (Autonomous University of Chiriqui); Fournier, J. (Las Muros, 09420, Rimont, France); Guzmán, G. (Instituto de Ecología); Hou, C.-L. (Capital Normal University); Kirschner, R. (National Central University); Serrano, E. (Autonomous University of Chiriqui); Trampe, T. (Goethe University Frankfurt); Cáceres, O. (Autonomous University of Chiriqui)
Abstract:

For the Darién Province, an area larger than Jamaica in Eastern Panama, up to now only 19 species of fungi, mainly lichens and plant parasitic microfungi, have been known. Two general mycological forays including most major groups of fungi were carried out in this area for the first time. During 3 days mostly in secondary vegetation and 2 days in pristine forest, about 104 specimens of macro- and microfungi were collected, of which 85 were identified as 76 species of which all but one were new records for the Darién Province. As a result, knowledge on fungal taxa in that region has risen from 19 to 94, i.e. by a factor of five. Although common and easily-spotted species were preferred during collection, 16 (more than 20%) of the species identified were new for Panama, notably two species of Agaricales, Hygroaster nodulisporus and Leucopaxillus gracillimus, and four microfungi on plants, Cercosporella leucaenae, Coccomyces delta, Meliola bixae, and Stigmina anacardii. The records of the species are presented together with specimen data, references, and photos of selected species. As shown by this study, fungi in tropical Panama are highly diverse, mostly unknown, and further mycological field work is urgently needed because habitats are destroyed and fungi specific to them are lost forever.

Citas:5

AÑO:2011
A new genus of Parmulariaceae from Panama
DOI:10.1007/s11557-011-0791-9
Inácio, Carlos A. (University of Brasília); Araúz, Karoline (Autonomous University of Chiriqui); Piepenbring, Meike (Goethe University Frankfurt)
Abstract:

During a survey of plant-parasitic microfungi in Panama, a new species in a new genus of Parmulariaceae (Ascomycota), Antoniomyces loranthicola, was found on leaves of Gaiadendron punctatum (Loranthaceae). It is described and illustrated. The new species and the new genus differ morphologically from all other known species and genera known in Parmulariaceae by deep internal stroma and superficial radiating hyphae without appressoria.

Citas:8

AÑO:2011
Asterotexis cucurbitacearum, a poorly known pathogen of Cucurbitaceae new to Costa Rica, Grenada and Panama
DOI:10.1080/21501203.2011.578594
Guerrero, Yuriza (Universidad de Panamá); Hofmann, Tina Antje (Goethe University Frankfurt; Autonomous University of Chiriqui); Williams, Carl (Universidad de Panamá); Thines, Marco (Goethe University Frankfurt; Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (BiK-F), Senckenberganlage 25, 60325, 60325, Frankfurt (Main), Germany); Piepenbring, Meike (Goethe University Frankfurt)
Abstract:

A pathogenic bitunicate ascomycetous fungus, identified as Asterotexis cucurbitacearum, was found repeatedly on living leaves of Cucurbita pepo (gourd) and Sechium edule (chayote) in Panama. A. cucurbitacearum represents a new report for Panama and S. edule is a new host plant for this fungus. Based on an examination of herbarium specimens, this species is also reported for the first time from Costa Rica and Grenada. Cells of the scutellum extending to the base of the fruiting structure and producing an appressorium on the leaf surface are documented for the first time. As shown by LSU sequence data, A. cucurbitacearum represents a divergent, hitherto molecularly unsampled, phylogenetic clade of the Dothideomycetes. The closest relatives, for which sequence data are available, are members of the Pleosporomycetidae and Dothideomycetes incertae sedis with sequence similarity below 90%, as shown by BLAST search. A preliminary neighbour-joining analysis indicates that A. cucurbitacearum probably belongs to the Dothideomycetidae (incertae sedis).

Citas:6

AÑO:2011
Species richness of plants and fungi in western Panama: towards a fungal inventory in the tropics
DOI:10.1007/s10531-011-0213-y
Piepenbring, M. (Department of Mycology, Biologicum, Max-von-Laue-Street 13, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany); Hofmann, T. A. (Autonomous University of Chiriqui); Unterseher, M. (University of Greifswald); Kost, G. (Philipps University of Marburg)
Abstract:

In order to document the species richness of plants and fungi in a tropical area, a trail of 500 m in tropical lowlands in the Chiriquí province, on the Pacific side of western Panama, was sampled each month during 2 years with 2 h dedicated to plants and 2 h dedicated to fungi, each by two botanists or mycologists respectively. The 24 sampling events yielded approximately 4,000 records of plants corresponding to 311 species as well as 1,614 records of fungi corresponding to approximately 567 species. Lists of more or less certain names of plants and fungi as well as voucher specimens are provided. The randomized species accumulation curve for plants approaches an asymptote and estimators yield stable values of 310–318 predicted plant species in the area of investigation. The curve for records of fungal species, however, did not saturate and all applied estimator functions failed to predict the total richness of fungi for the area convincingly. Two plant collections correspond to new records for Panama and 54 species and infraspecific taxa are new for the Chiriquí province. The identification of fungi is still in process and yielded two species probably new to science as well as 17 new records of species for Panama to date. In order to assess biodiversity patterns (e.g. fungi to plant ratios) of tropical fungi more accurately, it is necessary to repeat such investigations in other areas and to improve the tools for taxonomic identification of these highly diverse but mostly microscopic organisms.

Citas:27

AÑO:2011
A polychaete-dominated community in the NW Mediterranean Sea, 20 years after cessation of sewage discharges
DOI:10.1080/11250003.2011.582298
Serrano, L. G. (Centro de Estudios Avanzados de Blane; Autonomous University of Chiriqui; Universidad de Panamá); Cardell, M. J. (Agencia Catalana de L'Aigua); Lozoya, J. P. (Centro de Estudios Avanzados de Blane); Sardá, R. (Centro de Estudios Avanzados de Blane)
Abstract:

Benthic recovery following cessation of wastewater discharges in shallow soft-bottom environments off Barcelona was assessed by revisiting an old sampling site in 2008 that had been studied when the impacts of such discharges were more acute (1987–88). In 1987–88, sediments were highly polluted by organic matter and inorganic contaminants. Although the amount of silt–clay in the sediments diminished from 95 to 25% during the intervening 20-year period and significant improvements were observed in the content of polychlorinated biphenyls and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, their metal content was still very high. However, the benthic community currently showed a clear increase in complexity and diversity. It changed from an assemblage that was 98%-dominated by the Capitella capitata complex to an assemblage dominated by Mediomastus fragilis, Capitella capitata and Ophryotrocha hartmanni. By 2008, more species were found and there was increased representation from different trophic groups, whereas the abundance and biomass values were clearly reduced by almost two and one order of magnitude, respectively. Mean annual density evolved from 385,261 ind. m–2 with a mean annual biomass of 12.75 g dry wt m–2 in 1987–88 to 8155 ind. m–2 and 0.94 g dry wt m–2 in 2008. Using a regression model that allowed comparability between both sets of data, secondary production of the community was reduced from 207.7 g dry wt m–2 year–1 in 1987–88 to 8.0 g dry wt m–2 year–1 in 2008. The organic input decreased, but the metal concentration present in the sediments may inhibit their full recovery to normal conditions.

Citas:5

AÑO:2010
Uniformity study of amorphous and microcrystalline silicon thin films deposited on 10 cm × 10 cm glass substrate using hot wire CVD technique
DOI:10.1002/pssc.200982827
Frigeri, P. A. (University of Barcelona); Nos, O. (University of Barcelona); Calvo, J. D. (Autonomous University of Chiriqui); Carreras, P. (University of Barcelona); Roldan, R. (University of Barcelona); Asensi, J. M. (University of Barcelona); Bertomeu, J. (University of Barcelona)
Abstract:

Abstract The scaling up of the Hot Wire Chemical Vapor Deposition (HW-CVD) technique to large deposition area can be done using a catalytic net of equal spaced parallel filaments. The large area deposition limit is defined as the limit whenever a further increment of the catalytic net area does not affect the properties of the deposited film. This is the case when a dense catalytic net is spread on a surface considerably larger than that of the film substrate. To study this limit, a system able to hold a net of twelve wires covering a surface of about 20 cm × 20 cm was used to deposit amorphous (a-Si:H) and microcrystalline ( µ c-Si:H) silicon over a substrate of 10 cm × 10 cm placed at a filament-substrate distance ranging from 1 to 2 cm. The uniformity of the film thickness d and optical constants, n (x, ? ) and a (x, h? ), was studied via transmission measurements. The thin film uniformity as a function of the filament-substrate distance was studied. The experimental thickness profile was compared with the theoretical result obtained solving the diffusion equations. The optimization of the filament-substrate distance allowed obtaining films with inhomogeneities lower than ±2.5% and deposition rates higher than 1 nm/s and 4.5 nm/s for ( µ c-Si:H) and (a-Si:H), respectively. (© 2010 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)

Citas:3

AÑO:2010
Talaromyces indigoticus Takada & Udagawa, the First Record for Panama and the American Continent
DOI:10.1007/s11046-010-9305-6
Weisenborn, Jascha L. F. (Goethe University Frankfurt); Kirschner, Roland (Goethe University Frankfurt); Cáceres, Orlando (Autonomous University of Chiriqui); Piepenbring, Meike (Goethe University Frankfurt; Autonomous University of Chiriqui)
Abstract:

In a survey of mycotic human skin and nail lesions in Chiriquí, Western Panama, Talaromyces indigoticus was isolated in one case. This ascomycete is characterised by formation of gymnothecia containing oval, spinose and yellow ascospores, which become blue in mounting fluids, and by short monoverticillate or biverticillate penicilli. It is here reported the first time for Panama and the American continent. Because the strain was isolated from an onychomycosis together with a dermatophyte and other fungal strains, the pathological impact of Talaromyces indigoticus is not evident.

Citas:9

AÑO:2009
A new species of Laboulbenia and new records from Panama
DOI:10.1007/s11557-009-0619-z
Villarreal S., Rosa V. (Autonomous University of Chiriqui); Valdés R., Lany A. (Autonomous University of Chiriqui); Bernal V., Juan A. (Autonomous University of Chiriqui); Piepenbring, Meike (Autonomous University of Chiriqui); Kirschner, Roland (Goethe University Frankfurt)
Abstract:

Species of Laboulbenia on ground beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae) collected in a mountain rainforest in Western Panama are described and illustrated. A new species of Laboulbenia on carabids of the genus Platynus (Platynini) in Panama is proposed. It differs from the other species of Laboulbenia mainly by curved thalli and longitudinally twisted wall cells of the perithecia with lips oriented towards strongly branched appendages. L. decipiens, L. pseudomasei, L. subpunctata, and L. tenera are newly recorded for Panama. Only one species collected during the survey is already known for Panama, L. flagellata.

Citas:2

AÑO:2009
Two new Rhytismatales on Rhododendron from China
DOI:10.3852/08-092
Hou, Cheng-Lin (Capital Normal University); Piepenbring, Meike (Autonomous University of Chiriqui)
Abstract:

The new species Myriophacidium ramosum and Neococcomyces erumpens are described from Rhododendron twigs in the eastern Himalayan Mountains in China. Both are members of the Rhytismatales.

Citas:2

AÑO:2009
A New Species of Rhytisma Causes Tar Spot on Comarostaphylis arbutoides (Ericaceae) in Panama
DOI:10.1007/s11046-009-9250-4
Hou, Cheng-Lin (Capital Normal University); Trampe, Tanja (Goethe University Frankfurt); Piepenbring, Meike (Goethe University Frankfurt; Autonomous University of Chiriqui)
Abstract:

A fungus causing tar spots on leaves of Comarostaphylis arbutoides (Ericaceae) in Panama is described as a new species, Rhytisma panamense. The fungus forms gregarious black stromata on pale yellow spots on the adaxial side of leaves. Its ascomata develop from unilocular or multilocular stromata. An analysis of a combined dataset of DNA sequences from LSU to ITS rDNA supports the placement of the species in the genus Rhytisma.

Citas:11

AÑO:2009
New species and new records of Rhytismatales from Panama
DOI:10.3852/08-216
Hou, Cheng-Lin (Capital Normal University); Piepenbring, Meike (Autonomous University of Chiriqui)
Abstract:

Six species in three genera of Rhytismatales are known from Panama. Additional specimens recently were collected and identified. They correspond to four new species, Bivallum panamense, Coccomyces niveus, C. hypodermatis and Myriophacidium alsophilicola, as well as seven new records from Panama, Coccomyces annulatus, C. radiatus, Hypoderma rubi, Lophodermium agathidis, L. australe, L. platyplacum and Terriera minor. Therefore 17 species in eight genera of Rhytismatales are currently known from Panama. A key to these species is provided.

Citas:10

AÑO:2008
Lophodermium pini-mugonis sp. nov. on needles of Pinus mugo from the Alps based on morphological and molecular data
DOI:10.1007/s11557-008-0575-z
Hou, Cheng-Lin (Capital Normal University); Li, Li (Capital Normal University); Piepenbring, Meike (Autonomous University of Chiriqui)
Abstract:

Lophodermium pini-mugonis, collected on needles of Pinus mugo from German Alps, is described as a species new to science. It is characterized by subcuticular ascomata with a wrinkled surface and a somewhat untidy outline, a complex structure of lip cells, and ellipsoidal conidia. An analysis of the internal transcribed spaces of rDNA showed that Lophodermium pini-mugonis is, sister to Lophodermium autumnale and distantly related to other Lophodermium species on pines. The hypothesis of cospeciation of Lophodermium species with members of the Pinaceae is discussed.

Citas:26

AÑO:2008
SITIOS HISTÓRICOS DEL DISTRITO DE DAVID
DOI:10.15517/dre.v9i0.31338
Rivera, Agustín Alberto Martínez (Autonomous University of Chiriqui)
Abstract:

Los sitios históricos son bienes muebles o inmuebles que tienen gran importancia para el patrimonio cultural de los pueblos, tales como los monumentos de arquitectura, de arte o de historia, religiosos o por su conjunto ofrezcan un gran interés histórico o artístico, las obras de arte, monumentos, libros y otros objetos de interés. Los edificios cuyo destino principal y efectivo sea conservar o exponer los bienes culturales tales como museos, bibliotecas, archivos, etc. En la presente investigación realizamos un estudio relacionado con los sitios de interés histórico de mayor relevancia en el distrito de David, teniendo en cuenta que la mayoría de los mismos se encuentran ubicados en el distrito de David, lo que se conoce como el casco histórico. Los sitios de mayor relevancia en estudio son los siguientes: el Barrio Bolívar denominado anteriormente El Peligro donde se encuentran ubicadas la torre de la Iglesia Catedral San José de David, la Plaza Morazán, Parque Bolívar, Museo de la Guerra de Coto, Museo José de Obaldía, también analizan la biblioteca Santiago Anguizola, los museos del Colegio Félix Olivares, museo de la USMA y por último el museo de San Pablo. Pretendemos por medio de esta investigación dar a conocer los sitios históricos de mayor relevancia en el distrito de David.

Citas:0

AÑO:2007
A new species, Dicheirinia panamensis, and new records of rust fungi from Panama
DOI:10.1007/s11557-007-0526-0
Hernández, José R. (Agricultural Research Service - Northeast Area); Piepenbring, Meike (Goethe University Frankfurt); Vega Rios, Maritza Betzaida (Autonomous University of Chiriqui)
Abstract:

Based on a recent fieldwork in Panama, 25 species of rust fungi and several new hosts are reported for the first time from this country. Among the new records is one new species, Dicheirinia panamensis on Cojoba rufescens (Fabaceae). It differs from known species in the genus Dicheirinia by the presence of uredinia and telia without paraphyses, irregularly tuberculate urediniospores with two germ pores on the flattened sides, and tuberculate teliospores formed by three probasidial cells, subtended by a pedicel with three hyaline, apical cells.

Citas:6

AÑO:2007
Chromoblastomycosis caused by Chaetomium funicola: a case report from Western Panama
DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2133.2007.08091.x
Piepenbring, M. (Goethe University Frankfurt); Mendez, O.A. Cáceres (Autonomous University of Chiriqui); Espinoza, A.A. Espino (Hospital Regional Rafael Hernandez, David, Chiriquí, Panama); Kirschner, R. (Goethe University Frankfurt); Schöfer, H. (Goethe University Frankfurt)
Abstract:

Little is known about opportunistic fungi causing skin lesions in tropical countries such as Panama. We report an 83-year-old man from Chiriquí, Western Panama, with crusted skin lesions covering tumorous masses resembling Bowen's disease of the skin on the dorsum of his right hand. Fungal cultures were obtained on different nutrient media from disinfected superficial skin scrapings and fragments taken from a deep skin biopsy. Deep skin biopsy showed the presence of globose, dark fungal cells in the upper and lower dermis, sometimes in abscesses or giant cells, indicating chromoblastomycosis. All fungal fragments plated on nutrient media yielded colonies of Chaetomium funicola which was identified based on morphological observations and molecular sequence data of large ribosomal subunit rDNA. Treatment with fluconazole was ineffective. Further treatments could not be applied because of the patient's advanced age, low compliance, and limited resources in a rural, tropical environment. For the first time, C. funicola is confirmed as an opportunistic fungus causing superficial and deep cutaneous lesions. Up to now, the only known clinical record of this species is a tentative identification as an agent of deep mycosis.

Citas:33

AÑO:2001
Nest Poaching in Neotropical Parrots
DOI:10.1046/j.1523-1739.2001.015003710.x
Wright, Timothy F. (University of Maryland, College Park); Toft, Catherine A. (University of California, Davis); Enkerlin-Hoeflich, Ernesto (Monterrey Institute of Technology and Higher Education); Gonzalez-Elizondo, Jaime (Monterrey Institute of Technology and Higher Education); Albornoz, Mariana (Provita); Rodríguez-Ferraro, Adriana (Provita); Rojas-Suárez, Franklin (Provita); Sanz, Virginia (Provita); Trujillo, Ana (Provita); Beissinger, Steven R. (University of California, Berkeley); A., Vicente Berovides (University of Havana); A., Xiomara Gálvez (University of Havana); Brice, Ann T. (University of California, Davis); Joyner, Kim (University of California, Davis); Eberhard, Jessica (Princeton University); Gilardi, James (Wildlife Preservation Trust International, St. Lucia, West Indies); Koenig, S. E. (Yale University); Stoleson, Scott (Yale University); Martuscelli, Paulo (Instituto Insularis, C.P. 194, Peruíbe/SP, 11750-970, Brazil); Meyers, J. Michael (United States Geological Survey); Renton, Katherine (University of Kent); Rodríguez, Angélica M. (Autonomous University of Chiriqui); Sosa-Asanza, Ana C. (University of Georgia); Vilella, Francisco J. (Mississippi State University); Wiley, James W. (Grambling State University)
Abstract:

Abstract: Although the poaching of nestlings for the pet trade is thought to contribute to the decline of many species of parrots, its effects have been poorly demonstrated. We calculated rates of mortality due to nest poaching in 23 studies of Neotropical parrots, representing 4024 nesting attempts in 21 species and 14 countries. We also examined how poaching rates vary with geographic region, presence of active protection programs, conservation status and economic value of a species, and passage of the U.S. Wild Bird Conservation Act. The average poaching rate across all studies was 30% of all nests observed. Thirteen studies reported poaching rates of =20%, and four reported rates openface> 70%. Only six studies documented no nest poaching. Of these, four were conducted on islands in the Caribbean region, which had significantly lower poaching rates than the mainland Neotropics. The other two studies that showed no poaching were conducted on the two species with the lowest economic value in our sample ( U.S. retail price). In four studies that allowed direct comparison between poaching at sites with active nest protection versus that at unprotected sites, poaching rates were significantly lower at protected sites, suggesting that active protection efforts can be effective in reducing nest poaching. In those studies conducted both before and after the passage of the U.S. Wild Bird Conservation Act, poaching rates were found to be significantly lower following its enactment than in the period before. This result supports the hypothesis that the legal and illegal parrot trades are positively related, rather than inversely related as has been suggested by avicultural interests. Overall, our study indicates that poaching of parrot nestlings for economic gain is a widespread and biologically significant source of nest mortality in Neotropical parrots. Resumen: Aunque se piensa que el saqueo de polluelos para el mercado de mascotas contribuye a la declinación de muchas especies de loros, no se han demostrado sus efectos. Calculamos las tasas de mortalidad debido al saqueo de nidos en 23 estudios de loros neotropicales, que representan 4,024 intentos de anidar en 21 especies y 14 países. También examinamos la variación de las tasas de saqueo por región geográfica, la presencia de programas activos de protección, el estatus de conservación y el valor económico de las especies y la aprobación del Acta de Conservación de Aves Silvestres de E. U. A. La tasa promedio de saqueo en todos los estudios fue del 30% del total de nidos observados. Trece estudios reportaron tasas de saqueo =20% y 4 estudios reportaron el saqueo de> 70%. Solo 6 estudios no documentaron saqueo de nidos. De estos, 4 se llevaron a cabo en islas de la región del Caribe, que tuvieron niveles de saqueo significativamente menores que en el continente. Los otros dos estudios que no mostraron saqueo se llevaron a cabo con las 2 especies de menor valor económico en nuestra muestra ( precio de venta en E.U.A.). En cuatro estudios que permitieron comparaciones directas entre el saqueo en sitios con protección activa de nidos versus sitios sin protección, las tasas de saqueo fueron significativamente menores en los sitios protegidos, lo que sugiere que los esfuerzos activos de protección pueden ser efectivos para reducir el saqueo de nidos. En los estudios llevados a cabo antes y después de la aprobación del Acta de Conservación de Aves Silvestres de E. U. A., las tasas de saqueo fueron significativamente menores después que antes de la probación del Acta. Este resultado apoya a la hipótesis de que el comercio legal e ilegal de loros están positivamente relacionados, y no inversamente relacionados como sugieren los intereses de aricultura. En conclusión, nuestro estudio indica que el saqueo de pollos de loros para su venta es un factor de mortalidad de nidos de loros neotropicales generalizado y biológicamente significativo.

Citas:179